Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
478 listings
  • New Listing
    $14,500
    fair price
    $74 below market
    • 80,508 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Hirning Buick GMC (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Pocatello, ID / 182 miles away from Orem, UT

    2019 Ford Fusion SE Ingot Silver FWD 6-Speed Automatic 1.5L EcoBoost 23/34 City/Highway MPG6-Speed Automatic. Equipment Group 150A, 6-Speed Automatic,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD9KR272603
    Stock: 25465B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $746 above market
    • 47,705 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to UT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 578 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0T91KR115697
    Stock: 27012955
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 17,167 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,562 miles away from Orem, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD7KR280814
    Stock: 2003820870
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 28,047 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OK to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 838 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0G7XKR170917
    Stock: 26349569
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $17,998
    fair price
    $734 above market
    • 30,407 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OK to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Tulsa, OK / 907 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD4KR161554
    Stock: 27254369
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $17,998
    fair price
    $253 above market
    • 34,271 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 370 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HDXKR102556
    Stock: 27637142
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,531
    good price
    $1,342 below market
    • 73,882 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Moon Township, PA / 1,648 miles away from Orem, UT

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Turbo/Supercharg...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD6KR204064
    Stock: SC560675A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $402 above market
    • 35,540 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 1,825 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0CD4KR220013
    Stock: 27484163
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $934 above market
    • 39,739 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 1,345 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD4KR213488
    Stock: 27540975
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $570 below market
    • 46,448 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 499 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0CD6KR236651
    Stock: 27477859
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $13,990
    fair price
    $679 above market
    • 83,497 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,442 miles away from Orem, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0G74KR162926
    Stock: 2003507377
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 58,304 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,059 miles away from Orem, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0G74KR286520
    Stock: 2003857916
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 55,607 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Tolleson, AZ / 475 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0CD3KR231827
    Stock: 27261585
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $283 above market
    • 57,453 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AL to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Mobile, AL / 1,477 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD9KR229668
    Stock: 27607831
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,999
    fair price
    $402 above market
    • 39,755 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in East Syracuse, NY / 1,835 miles away from Orem, UT

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0G73KR217527
    Stock: 8GC2DT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,998
    fair price
    $705 above market
    • 24,698 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MO to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 1,016 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD4KR281533
    Stock: 25769166
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $148 below market
    • 28,570 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Visalia, CA / 500 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD8KR146412
    Stock: 27492914
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 88,459 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Planet Auto Sales (2 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lindon, UT / 2 miles away from Orem, UT

    ?? 2019 Ford Fusion Titanium AWD Loaded, Clean Title, Well Maintained! 88K Miles ?? BBB A++ Accredited Business Trusted for Honesty, Integrity & Go...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0D95KR242886
    Stock: 242886
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $15,998
    fair price
    $518 below market
    • 51,352 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to UT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 600 miles away from Orem, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HDXKR104260
    Stock: 26372409
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $13,995
    fair price
    $732 above market
    • 112,990 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Wright Auto Sales (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 32 miles away from Orem, UT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0D9XKR221516
    Stock: DW417
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-02-2025

  • $16,590
    fair price
    $719 above market
    • 64,701 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,215 miles away from Orem, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FA6P0HD1KR129144
    Stock: 2003680280
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

Showing 337 - 357 out of 478 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Fusion

Read recent reviews for the Ford Fusion
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars300 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 300 reviews
  • 5 star
    (64%)
  • 4 star
    (16%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
3 out of 5 stars

throttle body failure

stilbreathing, 10/11/2013
2010 Ford Fusion SEL 4dr Sedan (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
I had been mostly satisfied with my 2010 Fusion until the throttle body failed at 68,466 miles. I was driving on an interstate highway without shoulders, passing a truck, when I lost complete power. I lost speed and coasted to a stop where an on-ramp merged onto the highway. I feared for my life. Cars passing at highway speeds. No warning. AAA saved me along with city police who warned … on-coming traffic. This could have been deadly. It cost $433 to fix.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Ford Fusion in Orem, UT Values

Estimated values
2019 Ford Fusion SE 4dr Sedan (1.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$11,046$13,806$16,274
Clean$10,727$13,394$15,772
Average$10,196$12,707$14,935
Rough$9,505$11,813$13,846

The average list price of a used 2019 Ford Fusion in Orem, Utah is $16,846. The average mileage on a used Ford Fusion 2019 for sale in Orem, Utah is 52,338. Based on the average mileage of 52,338 for used 2019 Ford Fusion for sale in Orem, UT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Fusion 2019 in Orem, Utah to be $10,196.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.