Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
410 listings
  • New Listing
    • 103,100 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,201 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD5GJ303128
    Stock: 2003800147
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

    • 70,564 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Tallahassee, FL / 690 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD2GJ268306
    Stock: 26746636
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 94,311 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 303 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD8GJ289631
    Stock: 2003741592
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • Selling or trading in?

    Know what your car is worth while you shop for your next vehicle.

    See my car’s value
  • New Listing
    • 82,788 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 311 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVBKDXGJ229782
    Stock: 2003810162
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 67,043 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 1,148 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD8GJ299785
    Stock: 27279198
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 67,232 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,349 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD0GJ110403
    Stock: 26517909
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 52,939 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 2,319 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRCKD7GJ346052
    Stock: 27372280
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 43,005 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MI to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kentwood, MI / 516 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVCKD1GJ249652
    Stock: 27216866
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 79,063 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Lease Return Center (10 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Triangle, VA / 10 miles away from Manassas, VA

    --CARFAX CERTIFIED!!--WHAT A SUPER CLEAN NEW BODY STYLE ENCLAVE--LEATHER SEATS--NAVIGATION--CAMERA--PARK ASSIST--FULLY LOADED!!!!--VERY CLEAN AND SHAR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW9JJ151280
    Stock: 151280
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 140,523 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • I-Deal Cars (96 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in York, PA / 96 miles away from Manassas, VA

    ***TWO OWNERS***LOADED*** 2016 BUICK ENCLAVE LEATHER VIN: 5GAKVBKD4GJ128222 4 DOOR SPORT UTILITY 3.6L V6 F DOHC 24V GASOLINE ALL WHEEL DRIVE, POWER WI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVBKD4GJ128222
    Stock: 128222
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-02-2025

    • 93,278 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 622 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVCKDXGJ118512
    Stock: 2003534652
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 214,244 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Arlington Motors of Woodbridge (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 8 miles away from Manassas, VA

    **(Facebook) All Prices indicate estimated entry for down payment** Visit Arlington Motors online at www.arlingtonmotorsva.com ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVCKD5GJ205864
    Stock: W9754A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 116,480 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Isner's Auto Sales (66 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dundalk, MD / 66 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Introducing the luxurious and spacious 2016 Buick Enclave Convenience! This stunning SUV combines sophistication and practicality with its sleek exter...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRAKD9GJ132264
    Stock: 132264
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 61,429 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Ideal Buick GMC (50 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Frederick, MD / 50 miles away from Manassas, VA

    AWD. Ideal Hyundai Buick GMC - Proud Member Of The Aschenbach Auto Group - Family Owned - Family Values - NO ONE BEATS AN ASCHENBACH DEAL!

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVCKW4JJ141628
    Stock: B282528A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $16,995
    great price
    $1,578 below market
    • 99,209 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Trademark (8 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 8 miles away from Manassas, VA

    2019 Buick Enclave Premium Call 703-361-6882, 1 Owner, Clean Carfax, Well Maintained w 22 Service Records, Premium, Red w Beige Leather Interior, Navi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERCKW1KJ143228
    Stock: AT17801
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $18,999
    good price
    $3,441 below market
    • 18,009 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Bergey's Subaru (87 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hanover, PA / 87 miles away from Manassas, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD7HJ257481
    Stock: SHU1476
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • $11,199
    good price
    $1,696 below market
    • 117,720 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Minneapolis, MN / 927 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Remote Start,Satell...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVBKD3HJ204840
    Stock: HJ204840P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,900
    good price
    $562 below market
    • 105,785 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Dawsons Auto & Cycle (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Glen Burnie, MD / 57 miles away from Manassas, VA

    2017 Buick Enclave Leather AWD in Great Condition **** Quad Seating **** Tires Like New **** Heated Leather Seats **** Backup Camera **** Remote Start...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVBKD4HJ304008
    Stock: 304008
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-25-2024

  • Price Drop
    $13,400
    fair price
    $14 below market
    • 105,901 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Royal Pike Motors (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Front Royal, VA / 45 miles away from Manassas, VA

    FRPM-1535 5GAKVBKD5HJ134533 105,901 2017 Buick Enclave Leather Sport Utility 4D V6, 3.6 Liter Auto, 6-Spd Overdrive SUV Gasoline 288 Red Brown 15 22 R...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKVBKD5HJ134533
    Stock: FRPM-1535
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-31-2025

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $567 above market
    • 67,596 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Inglewood, CA / 2,284 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD3HJ340437
    Stock: 26887065
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 104,921 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 795 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD7HJ204795
    Stock: 2003656478
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 410 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Buick Enclave

Read recent reviews for the Buick Enclave
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars73 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 73 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (8%)
5 out of 5 stars

5 trips to SoCAL and Edmonton

monkman67, 07/20/2012
2010 Buick Enclave CXL1 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 6A)
This is the best of the best, travelling form Edmonton Alberta to Las Vegas then down to Disneyland and San Diego for the 5th time now and the ride is quiet and the handling is great 75,000 km in less than 3 years and no issues what so ever and the XBOX 360 running during all the trips never had any effect on the battery at all.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Buick Enclave in Manassas, VA Values

Estimated values
2016 Buick Enclave Leather Group 4dr SUV (3.6L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,110$12,153$15,002
Clean$7,761$11,613$14,314
Average$7,178$10,712$13,168
Rough$6,421$9,541$11,678

The average list price of a used 2016 Buick Enclave in Manassas, Virginia is $16,717. The average mileage on a used Buick Enclave 2016 for sale in Manassas, Virginia is 90,721. Based on the average mileage of 90,721 for used 2016 Buick Enclave for sale in Manassas, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Buick Enclave 2016 in Manassas, Virginia to be $7,178.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.