Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
242 listings
  • $25,995
    fair price
    $283 below market
    • 54,985 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • PDX Motorcars (161 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Beaverton, OR / 161 miles away from Bothell, WA

    Backup Camera, Leather Seats, Heated Seats, Navigation System, Sunroof/Moonroof, Clean Title, quattro, Black w/Leather Seating Surfaces, Brushed Alumi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUDACF58MA057465
    Stock: CP12852
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

    • 34,598 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Dick's Hillsboro Hyundai (162 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hillsboro, OR / 162 miles away from Bothell, WA

    2024 Audi A5 Sportback Premium Plus S Line quattro Arkona White quattro 2.0L 4-Cylinder TFSI 7-Speed Automatic S tronic**** 2 to choose from!! ****1-O...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUFACF56RA028286
    Stock: RA028286
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2025

    • 60,303 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,677 miles away from Bothell, WA

    High Demand,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation Syste...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUPNAF57JA001308
    Stock: JA001308A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 36,138 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Haselwood Volkswagen Hyundai (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bremerton, WA / 27 miles away from Bothell, WA

    Clean CARFAX.Haselwood Volkswagen is very proud to offer this attractive 2023 Audi A5 Sportback 45 S line Premium Plus. Ibis White quattro24/32 C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUFACF50PA020102
    Stock: VW2322A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,999
    fair price
    $348 above market
    • 98,644 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • RPM Automotive (157 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 157 miles away from Bothell, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUBNCF51JA067181
    Stock: 067181
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 43,955 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,681 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUNNAF56JA095737
    Stock: 2003636406
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • $27,998
    fair price
    $655 above market
    • 17,210 miles
    • 3 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Duarte, CA / 969 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUTNAF52JA110502
    Stock: 27483427
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $27,995
    fair price
    $123 below market
    • 43,385 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of Puyallup (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Puyallup, WA / 41 miles away from Bothell, WA

    2020 Audi A5 Sportback Premium Plus quattro Navarra Blue MetallicThey say style and substance rarely meetbut this A5 is here to prove them wrong wit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUCNCF50LA019114
    Stock: Z5696A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

  • $28,998
    fair price
    $1,222 above market
    • 45,222 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Puyallup (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Puyallup, WA / 41 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUDACF54MA016900
    Stock: 27231540
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 17,000 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,116 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUDNCF55JA102474
    Stock: 2003827790
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 59,155 miles
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 1,005 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUBNCF57JA009401
    Stock: 27029837
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 19,592 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,116 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUSNAF59JA001076
    Stock: 2003826050
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 21,028 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 2,434 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUYNGF57JN010395
    Stock: 27676987
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 36,166 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Bellevue (12 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bellevue, WA / 12 miles away from Bothell, WA

    Florett Silver MetallicSun/MoonroofLeather SeatsRings Audi BeamKeyless StartBlack; Leather Seating SurfacesThis vehicle includes a Money-Back ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUCBCF50NA006178
    Stock: NA006178
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

    • 34,300 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 2,077 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUANCF51JA132719
    Stock: 2003646109
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $20,998
    fair price
    $685 above market
    • 75,104 miles
    • 1 accident, 6 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Leskovar Mitsubishi (181 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kennewick, WA / 181 miles away from Bothell, WA

    2018 AUDI A5 2.0T PREMIUM PLUS HATCHBACK, ALL-WHEEL DRIVE, NAVIGATION SYSTEM, MOONROOF, 19-INCH DESIGN LINE WHEELS, PREMIUM SOUND SYSTEM, LEATHER INTE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUBNCF50JA022040
    Stock: Q4717A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 66,195 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 1,501 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUPNAF56JA014714
    Stock: 2003815780
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 69,893 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,681 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUBNCF59JA008010
    Stock: 2003890122
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 43,500 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,681 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUPNAF56JA003003
    Stock: 2003818680
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 28,041 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, MD / 2,402 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUYNGF57JN003091
    Stock: 26884185
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 34,565 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,862 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUYNGF55JN022352
    Stock: 2003879857
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 242 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Audi A5

Read recent reviews for the Audi A5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars43 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 43 reviews
  • 5 star
    (86%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (2%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

50+ Guy's Dream Car

Cranmer, 10/07/2016
2010 Audi A5 2.0T Premium quattro 2dr Convertible AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6A)
2010 Audi A5 2.0T Quattro Cabriolet is a very satisfying car. I love to drop the top and drive this car, if I do not have an errand, I'll cruise to Home Depot for a stroll. It's a bit underpowered if you want to be the first off the line at a redlight, but all the looks and functionality far make up for it. Regarding a comment about the soft top wearing out early, I cannot support that … review. I'm on the original soft top at 77000 miles and it show no wear or disintegration. Plainly stated, it is fun drive and my best car buy of my life. UPDATE 2018: I'm now a 60+ guy. I still have the same love for this car. I "find" opportunities to go to Home Depot so that I can drop the top and enjoy the Spring weather in Texas. Sadly, the glue that held in the back window failed and of course we had heavy rains. I ended up replacing the soft top and the interior carpet. The good news: my State Farm Insurance covered it. For me, this car is part of "Living the good life!". UPDATE 2020: I'm getting older. The Audi only gets out of the garage once or twice on the weekend. But my Audi s still a looker. My wife is the Houston organizer for a voluntary group of women sewing and distributing of Masks for the Coronavirus ( masksnow.org ). We drove 60 miles across Houston to pickup a batch. The very first thing the sewing lady said, *I love your car".
Report abuse

Used 2021 Audi A5 in Bothell, WA Values

Estimated values
2021 Audi A5 Premium S line 4dr Hatchback AWD w/45 TFSI (2.0L 4cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$21,878$24,192$26,518
Clean$21,454$23,702$25,957
Average$20,748$22,885$25,023
Rough$19,829$21,823$23,808

The average list price of a used 2021 Audi A5 in Bothell, Washington is $27,278. The average mileage on a used Audi A5 2021 for sale in Bothell, Washington is 44,713. Based on the average mileage of 44,713 for used 2021 Audi A5 for sale in Bothell, WA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi A5 2021 in Bothell, Washington to be $20,748.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.