Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
941 listings
  • New Listing
    • 5,986 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Houston North (260 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 260 miles away from Zachary, LA

    Exclusive PackageMountain Grey MetallicActive Distance Assist DistronicHeated SeatsNavigation SystemWheel Locking BoltsKeyless StartRear Spoile...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB4SJ676202
    Stock: SJ676202
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • $25,998
    fair price
    $337 below market
    • 40,799 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to LA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 1,576 miles away from Zachary, LA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB3MJ160254
    Stock: 27093285
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $21,998
    good price
    $1,251 below market
    • 72,744 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to LA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Palmdale, CA / 1,590 miles away from Zachary, LA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4HB9MJ272071
    Stock: 27200348
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $25,998
    good price
    $2,515 below market
    • 29,359 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to LA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Buena Park, CA / 1,581 miles away from Zachary, LA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB3MJ144829
    Stock: 27371942
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 30,173 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Northwest Arkansas (431 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Bentonville, AR / 431 miles away from Zachary, LA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4HBXPJ434214
    Stock: M421949A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $37,420
    fair price
    $611 below market
    • 12,481 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Kennesaw (447 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 447 miles away from Zachary, LA

    MEMORY SEATS..PREMIUM AUDIO..LANE DEPARTURE WARNING..BLIND SPOT MONITOR..BACK UP CAMERA..POWER SEATS..SMART DEVICE INTEGRATION..BLUETOOTH..KEYLESS ENT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB3SJ689796
    Stock: SJ689796
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

    • 8,614 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Park Place Motorcars Fort Worth a Mercedes-Benz Dealer (395 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 395 miles away from Zachary, LA

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title information not provided

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB1SJ703646
    Stock: PMFL250405
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 4,003 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Grapevine (382 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 382 miles away from Zachary, LA

    Certified. Polar White 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250FWD 8 Speed Dual Clutch 2.0L I4 Turbocharged19" Twin 5-Spoke Wheels, LED Logo Projectors.https://...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB1SJ623117
    Stock: SJ623117
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $37,420
    fair price
    $593 below market
    • 12,889 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Roswell (460 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 460 miles away from Zachary, LA

    PARKING SENSORS ASSIST..MEMORY SEATS..LANE DEPARTURE WARNING..HANDS FREE LIFTGATE..BLIND SPOT MONITOR..COLLISION WARNING..AUTOMATIC CLIMATE CONTROL..B...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB1SJ685004
    Stock: SJ685004
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,990
    fair price
    $315 above market
    • 41,453 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 690 miles away from Zachary, LA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4HB5PJ498936
    Stock: 2003840572
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 8,008 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Houston North (260 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 260 miles away from Zachary, LA

    Panoramic Sliding SunroofPanoramic RoofActive Distance Assist DistronicHeated SeatsWheel Locking BoltsKeyless StartRear SpoilerMacchiato Beige;...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB4SJ674224
    Stock: SJ674224
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 2,676 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250Certified. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 2773 miles below market average! 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 4D Sport Utility Cirrus Silve...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GBXSJ697300
    Stock: XSJ697300
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 12-31-2024

    • 2,040 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250 4MATIC® ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Front dual zone A/C, Heated door mirrors, Illuminated entry...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4HB3SJ649345
    Stock: XSJ649345
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 12-02-2024

    • 1,913 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250Certified. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 3020 miles below market average! 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 4D Sport Utility Polar White ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB5SJ711099
    Stock: XSJ711099
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 12-31-2024

    • 1,914 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250Certified. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 3390 miles below market average! 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 4D Sport Utility Polar White ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB5SJ668870
    Stock: XSJ668870
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 3,692 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250Certified. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 1593 miles below market average! 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 4D Sport Utility Night Black ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB1SJ671829
    Stock: XSJ671829
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 1,875 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250Certified. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 3132 miles below market average! 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 4D Sport Utility Starling Blu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB6SJ673219
    Stock: XSJ673219
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 3,788 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250Certified. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 1039 miles below market average! 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 4D Sport Utility Mountain Gra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB7SJ667879
    Stock: XSJ667879
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 2,350 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250Certified. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 2275 miles below market average! 2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 4D Sport Utility Night Black ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB2SJ673346
    Stock: XSJ673346
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 7,400 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (373 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 373 miles away from Zachary, LA

    2025 Mercedes-Benz GLA 250 4MATIC® ***CERTIFIED***, GLA 250 4MATIC®, 4D Sport Utility, 2.0L I4 Turbocharged, 8 Speed Dual Clutch, 4MATIC®, Polar White...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4HB1SJ644337
    Stock: SJ644337X
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $37,920
    fair price
    $182 below market
    • 10,524 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Newnan (420 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Newnan, GA / 420 miles away from Zachary, LA

    Black 2025 4D Sport Utility Mercedes-Benz GLA GLA 250 FWD 8 Speed Dual Clutch 2.0L I4 TurbochargedPREMIUM SOUND SYSTEM..BACKUP CAMERA..BLUETOOTH..AL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1N4N4GB3SJ647080
    Stock: SJ647080
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

Showing 274 - 294 out of 941 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars4 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 4 reviews
  • 5 star
    (75%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (25%)
5 out of 5 stars

Recoda

Recoda, 06/30/2022
2022 Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class GLA 250 4dr SUV (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8AM)
Until now I am very satisfied with my car. Just an upgrade from my A-220. I had several M. Benz before……. Love my GLA.!…..
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters5Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details

* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.