Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
6,394 listings
  • $9,495
    good price
    $1,657 below market
    • 109,761 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Feldman Chevrolet of New Hudson (55 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in New Hudson, MI / 55 miles away from Lansing, MI

    **CARFAX 2024 Top Rated Dealer***VEHICLE LOCATED AT FELDMAN CHEVROLET OF NEW HUDSON CALL (248) 486-1900*, 17 x 7 Aluminum Wheels, 6 Month Trial (Regis...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJLCS2EW115617
    Stock: LX5T197119A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $15,958
    good price
    $1,167 below market
    • 94,555 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Audi Exchange St. Charles (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in St Charles, IL / 195 miles away from Lansing, MI

    WHEELS: 18" X 7" POLISHED/PAINTED ALUMINUM (STD), TRANSMISSION: 9-SPEED 948TE AUTOMATIC (STD), TIRES: 225/60R18 BSW TOURING (STD), RADIO: UCONNECT 4C ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMDX1KD137471
    Stock: SC250118A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • $15,500
    good price
    $1,185 below market
    • 112,703 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Rochester Hills Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Rochester Hills, MI / 78 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Recent Arrival! 2019 Jeep Cherokee Limited Velvet Red Pearlcoat 19/27 City/Highway MPGRochester Hills Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram, Rochester Road betwee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMDX3KD162193
    Stock: 250218T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $13,787
    good price
    $1,971 below market
    • 91,953 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Dan Cummins Chevrolet Buick of Paris (310 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Paris, KY / 310 miles away from Lansing, MI

    **THIS VEHICLE HAS BEEN INSPECTED by our ASE technicians who performed a lube and oil change, replaced front brake pads and machined front brake rotor...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJLCB7LD596683
    Stock: 63170A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $25,000
    good price
    $1,513 below market
    • 34,973 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Zeigler Chevrolet Schaumburg (178 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 178 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2022 Jeep Cherokee Limited Diamond Black Crystal PearlcoatElite Package (1-Year SiriusXM Guardian Trial, 4G LTE Wi-Fi Hot Spot, 5-Year SiriusXM Traf...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMDN6ND501077
    Stock: P1119
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-24-2025

  • $9,995
    good price
    $1,424 below market
    • 66,038 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Patriot Auto Group (479 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 479 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2015 JEEP CHEROKEE LATITUDE IN GREAT SHAPE INSIDE AND OUT LOADED WITH, **BACKUP CAMERA**, **BLUETOOTH**, **AUX JACK**, **ALLOY WHEELS**, **NEW OIL CHA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJLCB0EW171443
    Stock: P1443
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,975
    good price
    $1,725 below market
    • 66,617 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (76 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 76 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Premium Sound,Re...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMDX1KD375904
    Stock: KD375904A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $7,995
    fair price
    $1,125 below market
    • 133,818 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Alfred Auto Center (353 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    • 5000lb Towing Capaci...
    Close

    Located in Almond, NY / 353 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Original miles straight 6. 4x4 no rust nice older Jeep. Runs and drives good.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4FF48S01L586313
    Stock: 586313
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • $21,500
    good price
    $1,418 below market
    • 42,568 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Len Stoler Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (455 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Westminster, MD / 455 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2021 Jeep Cherokee Latitude Lux Granite Crystal Metallic Clearcoat 9-Speed 948TE Automatic 4WD 2.0L I4 DOHCClean CARFAX. Odometer is 6220 miles below ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMMN7MD105478
    Stock: J1207A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    $10,497
    good price
    $2,123 below market
    • 90,730 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Willoughby (181 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Willoughby, OH / 181 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2015 JEEP CHEROKEE LATITUDE WITH THE COMFORT/CONVENIENCE GROUP (FEATURES VALUED OVER $6,500!)! VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH 9 AMPLIFIED SPEAKERS W/SUBWOOFER,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMCS2FW515247
    Stock: J21998A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,700
    good price
    $1,825 below market
    • 25,956 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Ed Napleton Honda of Oak Lawn (172 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oak Lawn, IL / 172 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2021 Jeep Cherokee Trailhawk Bright White Clearcoat 3.2L V6 4WD *One Owner-Clean Carfax*, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Auto-Dimming Rear-View Mirror, C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMBX6MD253142
    Stock: PSW4079
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • $8,995
    good price
    $1,365 below market
    • 123,813 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Zimmerman Honda (308 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Moline, IL / 308 miles away from Lansing, MI

    THIS 2016 JEEP CHEROKEE SPORT IS SILVER IN COLOR WITH BLACK AND GRAY CLOTH SEATS. IT HAS AM/FM AUDIO SYSTEM, BLUETOOTH STREAMING AUDIO AND MUCH MORE. ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJLAB2GW257620
    Stock: JRB24
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-05-2024

  • $14,979
    good price
    $1,418 below market
    • 79,086 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Car 1 (83 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Archbold, OH / 83 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CLEAN CARFAX! LOCAL TRADE, HEATED SEATS, REMOTE START, HEATED STEERING WHEEL, LOW MILES! This vehicle is a local trade. It was purchased new by the o...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJLLB2KD128939
    Stock: 01225
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-13-2025

  • $22,500
    good price
    $1,662 below market
    • 35,209 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Rochester Hills Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Rochester Hills, MI / 78 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2021 Jeep Cherokee Latitude Lux 4WD Bright White Clearcoat 19/27 City/Highway MPG Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Rochester Hills Chrysler Jeep...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMMX2MD241177
    Stock: 250014P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,871
    fair price
    $10 above market
    • 25,262 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • McFadden Friendly Motors (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in South Haven, MI / 84 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Sold with a nationwide lifetime powertrain warranty! This 2019 Jeep Cherokee Limited 4x4 features the 3.2L V-6 engine, stunning sky grey interior leat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMDX6KD430833
    Stock: 15816A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • $21,500
    good price
    $1,884 below market
    • 25,175 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Joe Cecconi's Chrysler Complex (289 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Niagara Falls, NY / 289 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Odometer is 21724 miles below market average! 23/31 City/Highway MPGTHE MOST RAMS AND JEEPS AT THE LOWEST PRI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJLMN1ND524227
    Stock: 10235R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,497
    good price
    $1,878 below market
    • 102,913 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Chippewa Valley Mazda (370 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chippewa Falls, WI / 370 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2019 Jeep Cherokee Limited Bright White Clearcoat 4WD 9-Speed 948TE Automatic 3.2L V6 19/27 City/Highway MPGAt Chippewa Valley Mazda, a division of O...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMDX6KD155965
    Stock: MX10762A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,990
    good price
    $2,051 below market
    • 17,999 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Jack Schmitt Chevrolet of Wood River (387 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wood River, IL / 387 miles away from Lansing, MI

    This 2022 Jeep Cherokee Trailhawk is a high-performance vehicle that is sure to turn heads. Boasting a 3.2 liter 6 cylinder engine with sequential por...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMBX1ND507891
    Stock: P7334
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,199
    good price
    $1,245 below market
    • 106,741 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Your Choice Autos - Waukegan (165 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Waukegan, IL / 165 miles away from Lansing, MI

    The 2019 Jeep Cherokee Latitude Plus with a 2.4L I4 engine offers a range of features aimed at comfort, safety, and convenience. Heres an overview: Pe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJLLB1KD130309
    Stock: WYC-130309
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,495
    good price
    $2,463 below market
    • 94,290 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Miracle Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (491 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Elverson, PA / 491 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Miracle Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram is pleased to offer this 2016 Jeep Cherokee Trailhawk in Mango Tango Pearlcoat, beautifully equipped with. 17" x 7.5" ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMBS3GW105320
    Stock: 24W061A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • $13,325
    good price
    $1,664 below market
    • 87,880 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • McDonald Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clare, MI / 79 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2016 Jeep Cherokee Latitude 3.2L — Adventure Included at No Extra Charge!Ready to upgrade from “maybe I’ll get there” to “try and stop me”? This 201...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4PJMCSXGW141424
    Stock: 55141424
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

Showing 190 - 210 out of 6,394 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Cherokee

Read recent reviews for the Jeep Cherokee
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (38%)
  • 4 star
    (46%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
3.25 out of 5 stars

The jeep

jeepgirl, 07/12/2010
1993 Jeep Cherokee 4dr SUV 4WD
I have always wanted a Jeep then my boyfriend gave me this Jeep I love it. This car has been the best car I have ever had fun to drive comfortable and will go any were. Starts every time. Mine even gets 21 mpg
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.