- $1,537/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Carbon Black MetallicCarbon Black Metallic
- Interior color: Ivory White Extended Merino premium leatherIvory White Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,537/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,537 Due at signing
$6,537 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $60,336 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Carbon Black Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series M850i xDrive Gran Coupe AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 4.4L V8 32V TwinPower TurboRecent Arrival!
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C08TCV78227
Stock: 617998
Listed since: 07-29-2025 - $1,290/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Carbon Black MetallicCarbon Black Metallic
- Interior color: Ivory White Extended Merino premium leatherIvory White Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,290/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,290 Due at signing
$6,290 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $51,450 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Carbon Black Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series 840 RWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 DOHC 24V TwinPower TurboRecent Arrival! 21/29 City/Highway MPG
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C00TCV57773
Stock: 617682
Listed since: 07-24-2025 - $1,586/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Dravit Grey MetallicDravit Grey Metallic
- Interior color: Fiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leatherFiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,586/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,586 Due at signing
$6,586 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $62,100 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Dravit Gray Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series M850i xDrive Gran Coupe AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 4.4L V8 32V TwinPower Turbo
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C04TCV37741
Stock: 617865
Listed since: 06-23-2025 - $1,337/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Mineral White MetallicMineral White Metallic
- Interior color: Tartufo/Black Extended Merino premium leatherTartufo/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,337/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,337 Due at signing
$6,337 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $53,134 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Mineral White Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series 840 RWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 DOHC 24V TwinPower Turbo21/29 City/Highway MPG
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C0XTCV54122
Stock: 617683
Listed since: 07-10-2025 - $1,299/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Fiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leatherFiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,299/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,299 Due at signing
$6,299 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $51,752 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Black Sapphire Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series 840 RWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 DOHC 24V TwinPower Turbo21/29 City/Highway MPG
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C09TCV48327
Stock: 617684
Listed since: 07-11-2025 - $1,697/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Dravit Grey MetallicDravit Grey Metallic
- Interior color: Black Extended Merino premium leatherBlack Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,697/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,697 Due at signing
$6,697 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $66,108 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Dravit Gray Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series M850i xDrive Gran Coupe AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 4.4L V8 32V TwinPower Turbo
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C01TCV20444
Stock: 617451
Listed since: 05-20-2025 - $1,543/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Black Extended Merino premium leatherBlack Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,543/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,543 Due at signing
$6,543 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $60,566 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Black Sapphire Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series M850i xDrive Gran Coupe AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 4.4L V8 32V TwinPower Turbo
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C01TCV46476
Stock: 617681
Listed since: 07-12-2025 - $1,581/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Fiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leatherFiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- Crevier BMW (6 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,581/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,581 Due at signing
$6,581 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $61,929 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Santa Ana, CA / 6 miles away from Orange, CA
Black Sapphire Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series M850i xDrive Gran Coupe AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 4.4L V8 32V TwinPower Turbo
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C0XTCV48369
Stock: 617680
Listed since: 07-11-2025 - $1,639/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Carbon Black MetallicCarbon Black Metallic
- Interior color: Night Blue/Black Extended Merino premium leatherNight Blue/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- BMW of Buena Park (10 mi away)(29)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,639/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,639 Due at signing
$6,639 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $63,988 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Buena Park, CA / 10 miles away from Orange, CA
Dual Moonroof,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Lane Keeping Assist,Keyless Start,Heads-Up Display,Cooled Front Seat(S),Carbon Black Metallic,Night Blue...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C01TCV96777
Stock: TCV96777 - $1,283/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Alpine WhiteAlpine White
- Interior color: Black Extended Merino w/Black M Piping premium leatherBlack Extended Merino w/Black M Piping premium leather
- Sterling BMW (15 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,283/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,283 Due at signing
$6,283 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $51,189 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Newport Beach, CA / 15 miles away from Orange, CA
Alpine White 2026 BMW 8 Series 840 RWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 DOHC 24V TwinPower Turbo21/29 City/Highway MPG
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C04TCV28583
Stock: N260073
Listed since: 06-10-2025 - $1,272/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Tartufo/Black Extended Merino premium leatherTartufo/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- Sterling BMW (15 mi away)
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,272/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,272 Due at signing
$6,272 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $50,785 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Newport Beach, CA / 15 miles away from Orange, CA
Black Sapphire Metallic 2026 BMW 8 Series 840 RWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 DOHC 24V TwinPower Turbo21/29 City/Highway MPG
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C06TCV03846
Stock: N260040
Listed since: 05-23-2025 - Exterior color: Frozen Pure Grey MetallicFrozen Pure Grey Metallic
- Interior color: Fiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leatherFiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- McKenna BMW (17 mi away)
Close
Located in Norwalk, CA / 17 miles away from Orange, CA
NAV, Sunroof, Heated Leather Seats, Rear Air, Power Liftgate, All Wheel Drive, Turbo, Quad Seats, Alloy Wheels, M SPORT PROFESSIONAL PACKAGE, DRIVING ...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C00TCV72485
Stock: B62877
Listed since: 07-28-2025- $1,310/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Black Extended Merino premium leatherBlack Extended Merino premium leather
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,310/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,310 Due at signing
$6,310 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $52,174 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Wheels: 20" X 8" Fr & 20" X 9" Rr M V-Spoke,Individual Piano Black Finish Trim,Anthracite Alcantara Headliner,Glass Controls,M Sport Professional Pack...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C04TCV31516
Stock: TCV31516
Listed since: 06-25-2025 - $1,325/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Mineral White MetallicMineral White Metallic
- Interior color: Fiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leatherFiona Red/Black Extended Merino premium leather
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,325/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,325 Due at signing
$6,325 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $52,699 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Panoramic Roof,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Lane Keeping Assist,Keyless Start,Heads-Up Display,Fiona Red/Black; Extended Merino Leather Upholstery,...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C02TCV57760
Stock: TCV57760
Listed since: 07-10-2025 - $1,672/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Black Extended Merino premium leatherBlack Extended Merino premium leather
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,672/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,672 Due at signing
$6,672 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $65,200 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Bowers & Wilkins Diamond Surround Sound System,M Carbon Roof,Driving Assistance Professional Package,Anthracite Alcantara Headliner,Glass Controls,Dua...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C0XTCU95186
Stock: TCU95186
Listed since: 04-24-2025 - $1,301/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Black Extended Merino w/Black M Piping premium leatherBlack Extended Merino w/Black M Piping premium leather
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,301/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,301 Due at signing
$6,301 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $51,821 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Wheels: 20" X 8" Fr & 20" X 9" Rr M V-Spoke,Individual Piano Black Finish Trim,Glass Controls,M Sport Professional Package,Panoramic Roof,Leather Seat...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C00TCV51049
Stock: TCV51049
Listed since: 07-10-2025 - $1,368/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Black Sapphire MetallicBlack Sapphire Metallic
- Interior color: Black Extended Merino premium leatherBlack Extended Merino premium leather
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,368/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,368 Due at signing
$6,368 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $54,239 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Wheels: 20" X 8" Fr & 20" X 9" Rr M V-Spoke,Anthracite Alcantara Headliner,Comfort Seating Package,Glass Controls,M Sport Professional Package,Panoram...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV4C07TCV08176
Stock: TCV08176
Listed since: 05-08-2025 - $1,235/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: San Remo Green MetallicSan Remo Green Metallic
- Interior color: Ivory White Extended Merino premium leatherIvory White Extended Merino premium leather
- 21 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,235/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,235 Due at signing
$6,235 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $49,460 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Wheels: 20" X 8" Fr & 20" X 9" Rr M V-Spoke,Anthracite Alcantara Headliner,Comfort Seating Package,Glass Controls,M Sport Professional Package,Panoram...
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C0XSCU51474
Stock: SCU51474 - $1,320/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Carbon Black MetallicCarbon Black Metallic
- Interior color: Cognac Full Merino premium leatherCognac Full Merino premium leather
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,320/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,320 Due at signing
$6,320 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $52,516 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Cognac; Full Merino Leather Upholstery,Wheels: 20" X 8" Fr & 20" X 9" Rr M V-Spoke (1N7),Panoramic Roof,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Lane Keeping A...
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV2C08TCV82615
Stock: TCV82615 - $1,628/mo est.$5,000 down
- Exterior color: Carbon Black MetallicCarbon Black Metallic
- Interior color: Ivory White/Tartufo Full Merino premium leatherIvory White/Tartufo Full Merino premium leather
- Valencia BMW (59 mi away)(43)
- Home delivery*
Close
Estimate Lease Details
$1,628/month for 36 months
$5,000 Down payment
$6,628 Due at signing
$6,628 total due at lease signing includes down payment, first month payment, and $0 security deposit. Total cost to lessee is $63,624 over the lease term. Except as otherwise expressly provided, excludes sales tax, title, registration and other fees. Lessee is responsible for vehicle maintenance, insurance, repairs and charges for excess wear and tear. Actual monthly payments will vary. Not all lessees may qualify; higher lease rates apply for lessees with lower credit ratings. Payment estimate based on lease programs in effect through July 31, 2025.
Located in Valencia, CA / 59 miles away from Orange, CA
Dual Moonroof,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Lane Keeping Assist,Keyless Start,Heads-Up Display,Cooled Front Seat(S),Carbon Black Metallic
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: WBAGV8C06TCV52399
Stock: TCV52399
Listed since: 07-03-2025
Consumer Reviews for the BMWÂ 8 Series Gran Coupe
Former Panamera Owner Finds 840i Superior....
More about the BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe
How much does it cost to lease a BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe in Orange, CA?
- A BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe lease in Orange, CA starts at about $1,235 and runs up to $1,697. Keep in mind that these are estimates and the prices can vary based on a number of factors such as trim level, options, down payment, and length of the lease.
How much does it cost to lease a BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe 2026 in Orange, CA?
- It costs between $1,271 and $1,697 to lease a BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe 2026 in Orange, CA. Note that these are estimates, and the pricing can change based on the vehicle's trim level, installed options, and aspects of the lease such as the down payment, money factor and the lease term.
Applied Filters3Active
Make & Model
Year
New / Used
Price & Payments
Trim
Engine & Drivetrain
Exterior Color
Interior Color
Total Seating
Edmunds Review
Features
Options & Packages
MPG
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.