Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
68 listings

Save with Toyota RAV4 Prime rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

    • 11,931 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Orland Toyota (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 20 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    2023 Toyota RAV4 Prime XSE **LIKE NEW, **TOYOTA CERTIFIED, **MILES ONLY 11931, **CLEAN CARFAX, **BLUETOOTH, **LEATHER SEATS, **HEATED SEATS, **HEATED ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV5PD111800
    Stock: P9971
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

    • 19,511 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Orland Toyota (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 20 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    2022 Toyota RAV4 Prime XSE **LIKE NEW, **TOYOTA CERTIFIED, **MILES ONLY 19511, **1 OWNER CLEAN CARFAX, **BLUETOOTH, **LEATHER SEATS, **HEATED SEATS, *...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV0ND083160
    Stock: P9918
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 50,893 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Countryside Nissan (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Countryside, IL / 20 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    2022 Toyota RAV4 Prime XSE WhiteCountryside Nissan 5750 La Grange Rd Countryside, IL 60525 or call 708-352-9200.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV0ND103648
    Stock: X5487
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • Appraise
    my car

    Get the Edmunds appraisal report and a no-obligation offer for your car

    See my car’s value
  • Price Drop
    $34,998
    great price
    $3,452 below market
    • 45,662 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Winston Salem, NC / 572 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FVXMD020842
    Stock: 26919335
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 6,016 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lynnwood, WA / 1,713 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV8RD185456
    Stock: 25253939
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $43,392
    fair price
    $1,257 below market
    • 12,605 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 730 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV4PD144349
    Stock: L17484P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $41,998
    good price
    $1,772 below market
    • 25,611 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 623 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV1PD130148
    Stock: 27265445
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 5,803 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Schaumburg Toyota (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 28 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    ** Adaptive Cruise Control, ** Alloy Wheels / Premium Wheels, ** Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, ** Automatic Emergency Braking, ** Backup Camera, ** Blin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV2RD218273
    Stock: Q9428
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • $40,998
    good price
    $2,241 below market
    • 26,529 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Brandywine, MD / 632 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV7ND082913
    Stock: 27252194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $39,998
    fair price
    $618 below market
    • 38,909 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IN to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 163 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV5ND087754
    Stock: 25203626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $40,998
    fair price
    $102 above market
    • 41,145 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Murrieta, CA / 1,673 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMFB3FV9MD014406
    Stock: 27317504
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $32,759
    fair price
    $908 below market
    • 36,638 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Wexford, PA / 430 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV2MD043188
    Stock: A043188A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $43,998
    fair price
    $161 below market
    • 36,473 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NH to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Manchester, NH / 860 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV2RD200212
    Stock: 27449871
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $42,998
    fair price
    $732 below market
    • 21,063 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 606 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV8ND077347
    Stock: 27238925
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $37,495
    fair price
    $1,520 below market
    • 28,493 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 719 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV0MD048052
    Stock: SP236522A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $39,490
    good price
    $1,677 below market
    • 27,133 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Elgin Toyota (25 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Streamwood, IL / 25 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    New Price! 2021 Toyota RAV4 Prime Silver Sky Metallic w/Midnight Black Roof XSE AWD CVT 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC Clean CARFAX.Odometer is 16514 miles belo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV0MD029288
    Stock: P20253
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $43,998
    fair price
    $38 below market
    • 25,078 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlottesville, VA / 575 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV7ND091708
    Stock: 27017890
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $42,998
    fair price
    $182 above market
    • 27,182 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 637 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV1PD126875
    Stock: 26607167
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 28,136 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,655 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV4PD156680
    Stock: 26964681
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $41,998
    fair price
    $531 below market
    • 29,863 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 612 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV8PD126338
    Stock: 27036571
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $42,998
    fair price
    $522 above market
    • 30,356 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NY to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in East Meadow, NY / 763 miles away from Plainfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV8PD152812
    Stock: 27364872
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 68 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius25 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.