Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
74 listings

Save with Toyota RAV4 Prime rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • $36,990
    fair price
    $891 above market
    • 63,833 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 2,523 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMFB3FV0MD011426
    Stock: 2003754160
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 49,641 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Nucar Toyota Norwood (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 13 miles away from Franklin, MA

    AND MORE!AFFORDABLE TO OWNReduced from $37,488. KEY FEATURES INCLUDEAll Wheel Drive, Power Liftgate, Heated Driver Seat, Back-Up Camera, Satelli...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV5PD115344
    Stock: A03454
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • $47,999
    fair price
    $1,143 above market
    • 18,598 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Wellesley Toyota (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wellesley Hills, MA / 17 miles away from Franklin, MA

    ***Plug-In Hybrid, Premium and Weather Packs, Sunroof, Android/Apple, Heated and Cooled Seats***For sale is a Clean Autocheck History, one owner 2024 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMFB3FV9RD177600
    Stock: P1515
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 18,959 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 2,569 miles away from Franklin, MA

    Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation System,Pr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV1PD161965
    Stock: PD161965PL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 24,397 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,525 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMCB3FV4MD043332
    Stock: 2003758519
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $45,990
    fair price
    $392 above market
    • 25,692 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,472 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMFB3FV5PD157518
    Stock: 2003865273
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $27,888
    fair price
    $877 above market
    • 95,585 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Grieco Toyota (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in East Providence, RI / 19 miles away from Franklin, MA

    Recent Arrival! Back Up Camera, Bluetooth, Leather, Accident Free Carfax, Sunroof, Local Trade, Heated/Cooled Seats, RAV4 Prime SE, AWD. CARFAX One-Ow...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV6MD033330
    Stock: T25R264SB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $37,493
    fair price
    $771 above market
    • 34,902 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Balise Toyota of Warwick (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Warwick, RI / 24 miles away from Franklin, MA

    Recent Arrival! Local Trade, Clean Autocheck, Blue Tooth Connectivity, One Owner, 19 Alloy Wheels, 3-Spoke Heated Leather Steering Wheel, 6 Speakers, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV6MD041770
    Stock: TW550239B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,990
    fair price
    $350 above market
    • 86,058 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 786 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV1MD062346
    Stock: 2003854228
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 42,079 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 868 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV6MD043291
    Stock: 2003850461
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $38,998
    fair price
    $1,453 above market
    • 45,645 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Duarte, CA / 2,558 miles away from Franklin, MA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV6MD070041
    Stock: 27483633
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $40,183
    fair price
    $1,465 above market
    • 19,876 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Bernardi Toyota (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Framingham, MA / 14 miles away from Franklin, MA

    2024 Toyota RAV4 Prime SE AWD 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 4D Sport Utility CVT CARFAX One-Owner.Odometer is 4513 miles below market average!WORRY FREE at BER...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV7RD202326
    Stock: W0707A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $34,995
    fair price
    $344 below market
    • 51,243 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 196 miles away from Franklin, MA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV0MD048052
    Stock: SP236522A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 57,889 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 868 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV4MD063250
    Stock: 2003850486
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $38,998
    fair price
    $512 below market
    • 52,141 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to MA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lynchburg, VA / 528 miles away from Franklin, MA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMFB3FV2ND078109
    Stock: 27287093
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $36,975
    fair price
    $247 above market
    • 45,855 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Wagner Kia of Shrewsbury (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Shrewsbury, MA / 20 miles away from Franklin, MA

    Dealer's sale price is subject to availability, model, trim, supply, and demand. Sales price may be higher or lower than MSRP. Please call for availab...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMAB3FV1PD158868
    Stock: KU238868
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 28,544 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Tasca Toyota Boston (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dorchester, MA / 23 miles away from Franklin, MA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV1MD049890
    Stock: TBU1023
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • $39,999
    fair price
    $998 above market
    • 46,891 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carnova Southborough (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Southborough, MA / 15 miles away from Franklin, MA

    Heated Seats, Sunroof, NAV, Back-Up Camera, Power Liftgate, All Wheel Drive, Alloy Wheels, HEATED REAR OUTBOARD SEATS, RADIO: PREMIUM AUDIO W/NAVIGATI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV3ND081077
    Stock: 081077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 4,970 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,611 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV2PD124259
    Stock: 2003911576
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

    • 7,765 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,525 miles away from Franklin, MA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMCB3FV7PD154624
    Stock: 2003886971
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

    • 6,016 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 42 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 40 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to MA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lynnwood, WA / 2,475 miles away from Franklin, MA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (40 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMEB3FV8RD185456
    Stock: 25253939
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 74 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius25 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.