Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
916 listings
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 31,874 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Principle INFINITI of Boerne (68 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boerne, TX / 68 miles away from Austin, TX

    Recent Arrival! Blue 2023 Acura MDX Technology Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Bluetooth Handsfree Phone System, Graystone Leather, Auto High-beam Headlig...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H43PL003293
    Stock: PL003293P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2025

  • New Listing
    $42,497
    fair price
    $968 above market
    • 22,629 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tustin, CA / 1,197 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H47PL008223
    Stock: PL008223P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $39,000
    fair price
    $351 above market
    • 23,136 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 968 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Moon...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H3XPL000804
    Stock: PL000804T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Stock photo**
    • 29,757 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Grubbs Volvo Cars Grapevine (188 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 188 miles away from Austin, TX

    Precision Certified 2023 Acura MDX Technology Highlights:Espresso w/Perforated Premium Milano Leather Trimmed Seats.Additional Features; Precision Cer...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H48PL004231
    Stock: PL004231A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 18,996 miles
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Keating Auto Group (108 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Victoria, TX / 108 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H34PL003813
    Stock: PL003813T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 40,748 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Dallas Lease Returns (193 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 193 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H86PL004066
    Stock: PL004066
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2025

    • 34,933 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waukesha,, WI / 1,026 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H43PL015264
    Stock: PL015264A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 43,149 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Johnston, IA / 820 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H07PL015491
    Stock: PL015491A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $42,590
    fair price
    $473 above market
    • 44,544 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 936 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H03PL003399
    Stock: 2003989527
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

    • 73,012 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Texas (160 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 160 miles away from Austin, TX

    Auto Boutique is proud to offer excellent, pre-owned vehicles. With our no-haggle pricing policy, you can be sure you are getting the best deal possib...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H59LL010703
    Stock: T24993
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

    • 43,269 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Grubbs Acura (189 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 189 miles away from Austin, TX

    Grubbs Acura is pleased to announce that we have this Platinum White Pearl 2023 Acura MDX w/A-Spec Package with 43,269 miles on it. This MDX has Ebony...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H00PL035713
    Stock: PL035713
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

    • 128,896 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 26 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive San Antonio (69 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 69 miles away from Austin, TX

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (26 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD7H7XLL000075
    Stock: CLL000075
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2025

  • $21,497
    great price
    • 79,158 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Houston (North Freeway) (142 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 142 miles away from Austin, TX

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H38LL004308
    Stock: YLL004308
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    $38,242
    good price
    $2,073 below market
    • 43,786 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,712 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H86NL011600
    Stock: NL011600P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 60,786 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Hicks Family Subaru (177 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Corpus Christi, TX / 177 miles away from Austin, TX

    WAS $28,918, FUEL EFFICIENT 27 MPG Hwy/20 MPG City!, $1,700 below J.D. Power Retail! CARFAX 1-Owner, ONLY 60,786 Miles! Heated Leather Seats, 3rd Row ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H55LL016983
    Stock: T1573
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,990
    fair price
    $218 below market
    • 61,821 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 926 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H47NL008834
    Stock: 2003957087
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-09-2025

    • 49,912 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota of Richardson (196 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richardson, TX / 196 miles away from Austin, TX

    Experience the Thrill of the Road with the 2022 Acura MDX w/A-Spec Package Where Performance Meets Luxury in a Stunning Platinum White Pearl FinishSte...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H06NL032196
    Stock: NL032196P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-27-2025

    • 40,510 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Sewell Land Rover North Austin (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 14 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H07NL024656
    Stock: 5381857
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • 32,416 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Lute Riley Honda (196 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Richardson, TX / 196 miles away from Austin, TX

    Performance and style come together in this 2022 Acura MDX comes with TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE, Navigation System, Front Collision Mitigation, Blind Spot Mo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H47NL033599
    Stock: TNL033599
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 86,193 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Spotless Auto (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 77 miles away from Austin, TX

    19/26 City/Highway MPG White 2020 Acura MDX Technology SH-AWD AWD 9-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V Leather. Leather, 10 Speakers, 3rd row s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H51LL025752
    Stock: 27504
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $39,488
    good price
    $2,022 below market
    • 32,694 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wexford, PA / 1,222 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H08NL048691
    Stock: A048691C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 337 - 357 out of 916 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Acura MDX

Read recent reviews for the Acura MDX
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars72 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 72 reviews
  • 5 star
    (44%)
  • 4 star
    (8%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (14%)
  • 1 star
    (19%)
2 out of 5 stars

Nice car let down by abysmal build quality

Elliott90, 09/19/2024
2024 Acura MDX 4dr SUV AWD w/Advance Package (3.5L 6cyl 10A)
Pros: The handling, styling, seats, stereo, safety scores, headlights Cons: The touchpad sucks with Apple CarPlay. With the Acura systems it is fine. The Build Quality is SO bad. Acura should be ashamed. I have had to bring it back for misaligned trim pieces right after buying, and every time I drive it there are new squeaks, creaks, and rattles from the interior. It sounds like a 10 … year old car going over bumps. "precision crafted" is a complete joke. Also the wireless charger is basically useless. I am so frustrated in the constant rattling and creaking of the interior I do not know if I will be able to keep it. Whoever is in charge of QAQC at the factory needs to be fired. Make sure you do a long test drive the exact vehicle you may be buying on rough roads with a keen ear and check all the panels and trim to make sure they are lined up right.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Acura MDX in Austin, TX Values

Estimated values
2023 Acura MDX 4dr SUV w/Technology Package (3.5L 6cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$35,816$37,279$38,926
Clean$35,412$36,830$38,426
Average$34,740$36,080$37,592
Rough$33,866$35,106$36,507

The average list price of a used 2023 Acura MDX in Austin, Texas is $36,253. The average mileage on a used Acura MDX 2023 for sale in Austin, Texas is 48,677. Based on the average mileage of 48,677 for used 2023 Acura MDX for sale in Austin, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Acura MDX 2023 in Austin, Texas to be $34,740.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.