Skip to FiltersReport abuse
997 listings
- Price Drop$27,999great price$3,175 below market
- 47,994 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Hampstead Pre-Owned (33 mi away)
Close
Located in Hampstead, MD / 33 miles away from Frederick, MD
OUr 2023 Grand Cherokee is a one-owner vehicle and features 4-wheel drive, back-up camera, cruise control, heated seats, heated steering wheel, and bl...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG6P8894027
Stock: JGE894027
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-24-2025 - Price Drop$23,999great price$2,685 below market
- 56,184 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Hampstead Pre-Owned (33 mi away)
Close
Located in Hampstead, MD / 33 miles away from Frederick, MD
Our 2023 Grand Cherokee is a one-owner vehicle and features an automatic transmission, 4-wheel drive, back-up camera, cruise control, steering wheel a...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG1P8865535
Stock: JGE865535
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-19-2025 - Price Drop$28,000great price$3,636 below market
- 51,420 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Ourisman Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (34 mi away)
Close
Located in Clarksville, MD / 34 miles away from Frederick, MD
CARFAX One-Owner. Certified.This 2023 Silver Zynith Jeep Grand Cherokee L Altitude 4WD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits:....
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG8P8881490
Stock: M04527
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-27-2025 - Price Drop$25,500great price$2,449 below market
- 57,309 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Len Stoler Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (27 mi away)
Close
Located in Westminster, MD / 27 miles away from Frederick, MD
2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Laredo Bright White Clearcoat 8-Speed Automatic 4WD 3.6L V6 24V VVTCARFAX One-Owner.BLUETOOTH, BACK UP CAMERA, ALLOY WHEELS...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG4P8886900
Stock: BJ1795
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-31-2025 - New Listing$30,785great price$2,855 below market
- 30,526 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Hampstead Pre-Owned (33 mi away)
Close
Located in Hampstead, MD / 33 miles away from Frederick, MD
Our 2023 Grand Cherokee L is a one-owner vehicle and features 4-wheel drive, back-up camera, navigation, heated seats, heated steering wheel, and blac...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKBG8P8806478
Stock: JGT806478
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-21-2025 - $35,400good price$1,961 below market
- 3,992 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Koons Westminster Toyota (26 mi away)
Close
Located in Westminster, MD / 26 miles away from Frederick, MD
2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Limited **** Balance of Factory Warranty **** Apple Carplay/Android Auto, Bluetooth, Hands-Free, Navigation, Keyless Entry,...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKBG1P8701409
Stock: KTWP231320
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-31-2025 - Price Drop$31,000good price$2,274 below market
- 32,317 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Koons Tysons Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (41 mi away)
Close
Located in Vienna, VA / 41 miles away from Frederick, MD
Recent Arrival! 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Limited 4WD Diamond Black Crystal Pearlcoat*** LANE ASSIST *** BLIND SPOT *** APPLE CARPLAY AND ANDROID A...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKBG1P8795386
Stock: KTJP230088
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-26-2025 - Price Drop$28,599good price$1,723 below market
- 57,109 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- DARCARS Toyota of Silver Spring (40 mi away)
Close
Located in Silver Spring, MD / 40 miles away from Frederick, MD
2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Altitude CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Velvet Red Pearlcoat 4WD 3.6L V6 24V VVT 8-Speed Automatic Priced below KBB Fair ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAGXP8829293
Stock: P1A1485
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-30-2025 - New Listing$26,185fair price$676 below market
- 53,902 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Koons Westminster Toyota (26 mi away)
Close
Located in Westminster, MD / 26 miles away from Frederick, MD
2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Laredo, Apple Carplay/Android Auto, Bluetooth, Hands-Free, Keyless Entry, Blind Spot Monitor, Adaptive Cruise Control, 3rd ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG6P8865563
Stock: KTWP231621
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-27-2025 - Price Drop$29,995good price$1,170 below market
- 31,365 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Courtesy Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (85 mi away)
Close
Located in Altoona, PA / 85 miles away from Frederick, MD
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG8P8813061
Stock: 5PN610A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-27-2025 - $33,988fair price$518 below market
- 19,901 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Memorial Highway Chevrolet of Somerset (94 mi away)
Close
Located in Somerset, PA / 94 miles away from Frederick, MD
***FREE DELIVERY UP TO 3 HOURS AWAY*** ***LIFETIME INSPECTIONS***Recent Arrival! Odometer is 15358 miles below market average! CARFAX One-Owner. Hea...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG3P8743324
Stock: SP3045
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-20-2025 - $46,495fair price$989 below market
- 25,165 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Safford Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram FIAT of Springfield (53 mi away)
Close
Located in Springfield, VA / 53 miles away from Frederick, MD
Full Speed Forward Collision Warning Plus, Adaptive Cruise Control, Blind-Spot and Cross-Path Detection, Park-Sense Rear Park-Assist, Parallel & Perp ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKEG6P8708013
Stock: X4255
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-01-2025 - $50,995fair price$609 above market
- 40,100 miles
- No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
- 6 Seats
- i.g. Burton Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Smyrna (100 mi away)
Close
Located in Smyrna, DE / 100 miles away from Frederick, MD
***THIS VEHICLE IS SCHEDULED TO LEAVE FOR MANHEIM AUTO AUCTION AND IS BEING OFFERED AT WHOLESALE PRICE, Grand Cherokee L Summit, 4D Sport Utility, HEM...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKET7P8913126
Stock: N257167A
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 07-14-2025 - $30,500good price$1,502 below market
- 41,257 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Ourisman Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat of Baltimore (51 mi away)
Close
Located in Baltimore, MD / 51 miles away from Frederick, MD
CARFAX One-Owner. This 2023 Bright White Clearcoat Jeep Grand Cherokee L Altitude 4WD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits:. **...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG4P8893930
Stock: P4661
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-12-2025 - Price Drop$31,000fair price$583 below market
- 48,503 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Koons Tysons Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (41 mi away)
Close
Located in Vienna, VA / 41 miles away from Frederick, MD
Recent Arrival! 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Limited 4WD Bright White Clearcoat!!! FINANCING IS AVAILABLE !!! PANORAMIC MOONROOF !!! PREFERRED PACKAG...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKBG8P8769836
Stock: KTJP230168
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-19-2025 - $27,911good price$778 below market
- 70,953 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Heritage Toyota of Harrisburg (67 mi away)
Close
Located in Harrisburg, PA / 67 miles away from Frederick, MD
Recent Arrival! 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Altitude 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 4D Sport Utility18/25 City/Highway MPG **4 WHEEL DRIVE**, **ONE OWNER**, **...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG9P8871499
Stock: YU871499
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-18-2025 - $30,972good price$1,229 below market
- 46,043 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Miracle Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (100 mi away)
Close
Located in Elverson, PA / 100 miles away from Frederick, MD
This 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Limited, has a Silver Zynith exterior and an Global Black interior color. 46,043 miles. Stock Number 25GC011A...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKBG6P8728332
Stock: 25GC011A
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-13-2025 - Price Drop$33,988good price$996 below market
- 52,801 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Safford Brown Hyundai Fairfax (45 mi away)
Close
Located in Fairfax, VA / 45 miles away from Frederick, MD
Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 10 Speakers, Active Noise Control System, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM with 360L, Audio memory, Auto-dimming door mirro...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKDGXP8812683
Stock: H057420A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-31-2025 - $27,999fair price$37 below market
- 74,576 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Enterprise Car Sales Sterling (34 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Sterling, VA / 34 miles away from Frederick, MD
Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAGXP8808007
Stock: 7W7V58
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-28-2025 - $33,992good price$1,295 below market
- 51,299 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- MileOne INEOS Grenadier (40 mi away)
Close
Located in Silver Springs, MD / 40 miles away from Frederick, MD
JUST ARRIVED. PENDING INSPECTION. Silver Zynith 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Overland 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVTRecent Arrival!*Your add...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKDG2P8107733
Stock: X50051A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-16-2025 - Price Drop$28,995fair price$757 below market
- 37,028 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 6 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
- Courtesy Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (85 mi away)
Close
Located in Altoona, PA / 85 miles away from Frederick, MD
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 1C4RJKAG2P8894896
Stock: 5P461A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-10-2025
Showing 1 - 21 out of 997 listings
Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Grand Cherokee L
Read recent reviews for the Jeep Grand Cherokee L
It’s dope
Alex, 06/11/2023
2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Limited 4dr SUV 4WD (3.6L 6cyl 8A)
TL;DR-Mom loves it, Dad loves it, the kids love it.
For those who want the full version, here we go.
Mom and Dads who need the 3rd row but don’t want to drop $85k on a bloated Tahoe or, and more importantly, can’t bring themselves down to the minivan, hear me! Btw if you’re reading this and don’t have kids get out of here, why are you even here? The regular grand Cherokee will haul your … dogs just fine, this is ours.
We had a 2018 grand Cherokee from our 1 child days, back when one kids crap could fit into anything. Fast forward to today, the crotch goblins have doubled and so has the required supplies. One faces forward and can grab the back of my neck while I’m driving. The other one faces backwards so I can’t see what the heck it’s doing, but it’s usually trying to choke on something. Add my tired (but still beautiful) wife to the passenger seat, and it’s a tight ride.
We rented a 2023 Durango R/T for a week and took a road trip to Disneyland, because we apparently hate our sanity. The Durango was a godsend (I swear I’m gonna get to the Jeep). All the room we could ever need. The oldest was banished to the 3rd row, the 2nd row captains chairs allowed my wife to comfortably sit in the back and soothe the demon spawn. And there was plenty of room for all the junk that had to come with. It was amazing. We got back home and put the car seats back in the 2018. The next day we went car hunting. Once you have a taste of the 6 year old not being within its arms reach you can’t go back.
Durango was #1 on our list, but the Kia Telluride had better reviews. Drove the Kia, felt small and cheap. It felt like it was a minivan pretending not to be a minivan. I don’t know where all the hype came from, I didn’t see it. Especially when I got torque steer during the test drive (not insulting intelligence, but that’s when you give a front wheel drive car the beans and it pulls to the right). You want $50k for a front wheel drive imposter SUV? Nah
We have a Jeep. We like the Jeep. Jeep saved wife’s life when she got t-boned. Let’s go look at a Jeep.
We made it. Enter the 2023 Grand Cherokee L. There was one Jeep with 2nd row bucket seats (wife only wanted the bucket seat). It’s a limited 4x4 in a blackish browish green kinda color. It’s actually beautiful. And inside is even better. 3rd row for permanent exhale for the 6 year old. Heck, I, a 6-00 200lbs man fit comfortably. Baby cam to watch the other terrorist. 10 inch TVs in the back of the front row seats that you can monitor on the whatever inch gigantic screen up front. 4x4 so I still feel like a man, and can actually go places with decent ground clearance. When it’s not in 4wd, it’s rear wheel drive, like god intended. The interior is just beautiful, and it’s comfortable to drive. No, it’s not gonna win any races, if you want speed get the Durango, which isn’t even that fast anyways. Your speed days are done regardless, so who cares. It still gets up and goes better than a 4Runner so good there.
I’ve put a few hundred miles on it, so far none of the day 1/week 1 problems. I love this Jeep, I think they nailed it. I’ll do an update in 6 months or so, or if any problems arise.
Thanks for reading my 1700 word wish.com version of Ted talk.
Used 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L in Frederick, MD Values
Estimated values
2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Altitude 4dr SUV 4WD (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
| Condition | Trade-In | Private Party | Dealer Retail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | $26,651 | $28,717 | $31,049 |
| Clean | $26,317 | $28,327 | $30,595 |
| Average | $25,761 | $27,677 | $29,838 |
| Rough | $25,037 | $26,832 | $28,854 |
The average list price of a used 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L in Frederick, Maryland is $31,633. The average mileage on a used Jeep Grand Cherokee L 2023 for sale in Frederick, Maryland is 44,274. Based on the average mileage of 44,274 for used 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L for sale in Frederick, MD and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Jeep Grand Cherokee L 2023 in Frederick, Maryland to be $25,761.
Filters
Skip to ResultsApplied Filters4Active
Make & Model
Year
New / Used
Price & Payments
Price Rating
Body Type
Trim
Mileage
Accidents & History
Engine & Drivetrain
Exterior Color
Interior Color
Total Seating
Edmunds Review
Features
Options & Packages
MPG
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.