Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
697 listings
  • $61,990
    fair price
    $1,761 above market
    • 42,532 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 184 miles away from Irving, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1DKL6PR429349
    Stock: 2003568639
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 69,784 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,139 miles away from Irving, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2AKD2MR273410
    Stock: 2003746365
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

    • 100,948 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Classic Chevrolet of Denison (64 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Denison, TX / 64 miles away from Irving, TX

    Strong and sophisticated, our 2021 GMC Yukon SLT in White Frost Tricoat has the upscale capability your family needs! Powered by a 5.3 Liter EcoTec3 V...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKD5MR126264
    Stock: 126264C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • New Listing
    • 57,153 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hillside, IL / 797 miles away from Irving, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2DKL1MR456614
    Stock: 27500984
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 57,479 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 725 miles away from Irving, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKD2MR215340
    Stock: 2003804892
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 58,657 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, MD / 1,257 miles away from Irving, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2DKL0MR385258
    Stock: 27096010
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 58,790 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 927 miles away from Irving, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKD2PR482353
    Stock: 2003734404
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 64,945 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,028 miles away from Irving, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKD4MR331975
    Stock: 2003738036
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

    • 65,483 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 453 miles away from Irving, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2DKL0MR121067
    Stock: 2003814549
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

    • 66,923 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Richard Karr Buick GMC (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Waco, TX / 94 miles away from Irving, TX

    Richard Karr Motors has a wide selection of exceptional pre-owned vehicles to choose from, including this 2023 GMC Yukon. This GMC Yukon Denali Ultima...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2EKL5PR119244
    Stock: 239366A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $69,986
    great price
    $22,565 below market
    • 11,614 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 967 miles away from Irving, TX

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Entertainment Syste...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2DKL3RR347014
    Stock: RR347014
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $70,998
    fair price
    $2,228 above market
    • 15,497 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 386 miles away from Irving, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2DKL9PR336192
    Stock: 27520481
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 54,749 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Bruner Motors (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stephenville, TX / 84 miles away from Irving, TX

    2021 GMC Yukon Denali White Frost Tricoat 4WD 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive EcoTec3 6.2L V8 4WD. CARFAX One-Owner. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2DKL4MR472337
    Stock: 250531A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • 92,687 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Shottenkirk Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Prosper (27 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Prosper, TX / 27 miles away from Irving, TX

    Clean CARFAX.Dark Sky Metallic 2021 GMC Yukon Denali 4D Sport Utility EcoTec3 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive RWDWelcome to Prosper Chrysler...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1DKL6MR166954
    Stock: A41383A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • $59,995
    great price
    • 20,380 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Eckert Hyundai (23 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Denton, TX / 23 miles away from Irving, TX

    2024 GMC Yukon SLT Full-Size Luxury, Modern Muscle VIN: 1GKS1BKD0RR257884 Stock #: 121766A Mileage: 20,380 miles Command attention and conquer the roa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKD0RR257884
    Stock: 121766A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 62,575 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Classic of Cleburne (44 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleburne, TX / 44 miles away from Irving, TX

    4WD, Adaptive Cruise Control, Advanced Security Package, Advanced Technology Package, Denali Premium Package, Dual-Pane Panoramic Power Sunroof, Enhan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2DKL0MR354415
    Stock: MR354415A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

    • 33,107 miles
    • Rebuilt vehicle reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Llanos Auto Sales (12 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 12 miles away from Irving, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1DKL2MR376368
    Stock: 376368
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 32,025 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Thousand Oaks, CA / 1,260 miles away from Irving, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1DKL1PR429484
    Stock: PR429484P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 29,016 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 826 miles away from Irving, TX

    Jake Sweeney Is Here to Help! If you are in need of a new or used vehicle, we are offering you the ability to shop online and have your vehicle delive...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKDXPR123359
    Stock: G18620
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

    • 70,783 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Clay Cooley Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Arlington (10 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 10 miles away from Irving, TX

    ** Alloy Wheels / Premium Wheels, ** Apple CarPlay / Android Auto, ** Backup Camera / Parking Sensors, ** Bluetooth, Hands-Free, ** Brake Assist, ** C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKD6MR285830
    Stock: MR285830
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

    • 90,249 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Lakeside Motors (24 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Sachse, TX / 24 miles away from Irving, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1DKL4MR179721
    Stock: 14498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 295 - 315 out of 697 listings

Consumer Reviews for the GMC Yukon

Read recent reviews for the GMC Yukon
Overall Consumer Rating
3.1 out of 5 stars85 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 85 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (7%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (38%)
3 out of 5 stars

What are all the noises?

Mommyo, 06/21/2022
2022 GMC Yukon Denali 4dr SUV (6.2L 8cyl 10A)
I love most things about this vehicle. I am not happy about all of the noises and repair work that has been done so far in order to "attempt" to fix them. Muffler replaced, alternator and serpentine belts, top engine cleaner twice, gmc logo that lights up on the ground replaced and whatever else they discover trying to elliminate the noises. Sputter going up hill with hesitation. … Whopping on outside passenger front door at high speed, chirping on start up, rattle/chirp when accellerating and decellerating.
Report abuse

Used 2023 GMC Yukon in Irving, TX Values

Estimated values
2023 GMC Yukon Denali 4dr SUV (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$46,191$48,199$50,460
Clean$45,689$47,636$49,830
Average$44,850$46,697$48,780
Rough$43,761$45,477$47,415

The average list price of a used 2023 GMC Yukon in Irving, Texas is $55,347. The average mileage on a used GMC Yukon 2023 for sale in Irving, Texas is 55,018. Based on the average mileage of 55,018 for used 2023 GMC Yukon for sale in Irving, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used GMC Yukon 2023 in Irving, Texas to be $44,850.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.