Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
186 listings

$0
BMW iX rebates in 46863
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • New Listing
    $56,998
    fair price
    $1,802 below market
    • 15,887 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 313 - 329 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to IN*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 1,642 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF0XPCM26792
    Stock: 26700276
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $59,998
    fair price
    $1,230 below market
    • 6,803 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to IN*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Escondido, CA / 1,831 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF01PCM31329
    Stock: 27233876
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $54,900
    fair price
    $2,382 below market
    • 18,616 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Seaside, CA / 1,980 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heads-Up Display,Heated Seats,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05PCM64138
    Stock: PCM64138BL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $62,000
    fair price
    $1,481 below market
    • 20,236 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 266 - 281 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Mazda of Crystal Lake (181 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Crystal Lake, IL / 181 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Call 8**-4**-4*** to schedule your test-drive today!IX M60, PHYTONIC BLUE METALLIC, AMIDO PERFORATED LEATHER, EXECUTIVE PACKAGE, PREMIUM CONTENT 2, PA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF04PCM04551
    Stock: M04551
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • $66,994
    fair price
    $1,079 above market
    • 10,414 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 262 - 276 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Ultimo Motors (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Warrenville, IL / 163 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Original MSRP $117,345.00One OwnerClean CarfaxDual All Electric MotorsMultiple Energy Regeneration ModesHigh-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery PackxDrive Du...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF06PCM31136
    Stock: UN4669
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-04-2025

  • $49,995
    fair price
    $813 below market
    • 35,329 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Nine Stars Auto Group (433 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 433 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF09PCL70599
    Stock: 599P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    $44,900
    fair price
    $577 below market
    • 46,382 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Newbold BMW (306 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in O Fallon, IL / 306 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Certified. Blue Ridge Mountain Metallic 2023 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Single-Speed Automatic 1-Owner, 2-Axle Air Suspension, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS brake...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF08PCL72750
    Stock: B025240A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-09-2025

  • $53,387
    fair price
    $283 below market
    • 20,276 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 1,643 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05PCM87967
    Stock: PCM87967B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 14,869 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, personal use
    • 264 - 279 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Volkswagen of Streetsboro (198 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Streetsboro, OH / 198 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    CARFAX One-Owner.Black Sapphire Metallic 2023 BMW iX M60 Electric Motor AWD Single-Speed AutomaticKBB Price reflects a value for the vehicle published...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF04PCM23679
    Stock: M23679F01
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    $49,600
    fair price
    $11 above market
    • 29,800 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 318 - 333 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 501 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF00PCL81930
    Stock: SCU73487A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $48,489
    fair price
    $1,235 below market
    • 55,331 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Gravity Autos Duluth (494 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Duluth, GA / 494 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF00PCL97884
    Stock: L97884
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

    • 4,959 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 302 - 314 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Laurel BMW of Westmont (154 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Westmont, IL / 154 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Premium PackageDriving Assistance Professional PackageSport PackageMulti-Functional Front Seats W/MassageLuxury PackageWheels: 21" X 9" Aero Dark...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF01SCT70749
    Stock: SCT70749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 7 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 307 - 318 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Orland Park (146 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 146 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    2025 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Electric Motor Single-Speed Automatic 83/82 City/Highway MPG ACTIVE BLIND SPOT DETECTION, APPLE CARPLAY COMPATIBILITY, FRONT ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF07SCU33935
    Stock: BF5566
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-17-2025

    • 7 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 307 - 318 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Orland Park (146 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 146 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    2025 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Electric Motor Single-Speed Automatic 83/82 City/Highway MPG ACTIVE BLIND SPOT DETECTION, APPLE CARPLAY COMPATIBILITY, FRONT ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF02SCU45832
    Stock: BF5590
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-27-2025

    • 7 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 304 - 321 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Orland Park (146 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 146 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCT95279
    Stock: BF5306
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-25-2024

    • 8,054 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 257 - 271 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • BMW of Fort Wayne (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 3 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Retired Loaner, BMW Certified, Mineral White Metallic 2023 BMW iX M60 AWD Single-Speed Automatic 12-Cylinder Electric ZEV 532hp. Executive Package, Ac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF04PCM85034
    Stock: 13Y1237
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-17-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 9,130 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 257 - 271 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • BMW of Fort Wayne (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 3 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Retired loaner, BMW Certified, Black Sapphire Metallic 2023 BMW iX M60 AWD Single-Speed Automatic 12-Cylinder Electric ZEV 532hp. Executive Package, A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF0XPCM50627
    Stock: 13Y1171
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-02-2024

    • 12,643 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 257 - 271 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • BMW of Fort Wayne (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 3 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Retired Loaner, BMW Certified, Mineral White Metallic 2023 BMW iX M60 AWD Single-Speed Automatic 12-Cylinder Electric ZEV 532hp. Executive Package, Ac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF09PCM92397
    Stock: 13Y1243
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

    • 1,100 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 302 - 319 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Perillo BMW (140 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 140 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Convenience Package,Driving Assistance Professional Package,Sport Package,Apple CarPlay/Android Auto Compatibility

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF09SCT38907
    Stock: B46782
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-20-2024

    • 4,575 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 306 - 323 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Alexandria (453 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 453 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    * MSRP: $116,525.00 * Total Options: $0.00* Exterior Color: Black Sapphire* Interior Color: Black* Curtain 1st and 2nd row airbags* 1 12V DC power out...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF08SCS73343
    Stock: S73343SL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

    • 6,966 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 311 - 329 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Richmond BMW of Midlothian (472 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 472 miles away from Fort Wayne, IN

    Mineral White Metallic 2025 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Single-Speed Automatic Electric Motor83/82 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCT03233
    Stock: CBML250058
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 186 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW iX

Read recent reviews for the BMW iX
Overall Consumer Rating
4.9 out of 5 stars7 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 7 reviews
  • 5 star
    (86%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Electric Refinement

LuckyDrive, 09/29/2022
2022 BMW iX xDrive50 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD)
I picked up mine a couple weeks ago. Came from Tesla Y. Before that was a Mercedes GL450. Going to the Tesla was my test to see if I’d like electric. And I did- the Tesla was a good car. But I missed the refinement - the comfort - the precision of craftsmanship. And now that I have the iX, I have the best of both worlds. This is the best car, hands down, that I’ve ever owned. The … suspension is so perfect. The headlights (laser lights) are absolutely spectacular. Auto high beam reacts as fast as any human can to other cars. I don’t worry about it like I did with the Tesla- the Tesla was always just a little slow to adjust. When high beams come on, it’s theatrical. The middle of the road illuminates, and like opening a curtain on a stage, the high beam spreads wide (over about 1/2 second) across the road and to the trees and fields beside you. When you turn the wheel, a light fades in to the direction of your turn and fades out when the wheel returns straight. The B&W audio is absolutely spectacular. It’s the first car audio system I’ve not made a single adjustment to- no tone control, no EQ. Perfectly flat is superb. Oh, it’s stupidly quiet. Everything about this car is perfectly choreographed, measured, and intentional. I absolutely love it.
Report abuse

Used 2023 BMW iX in Fort Wayne, IN Values

Estimated values
2023 BMW iX xDrive50 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$50,556$53,409$56,625
Clean$49,986$52,765$55,897
Average$49,037$51,691$54,684
Rough$47,803$50,295$53,107

The average list price of a used 2023 BMW iX in Fort Wayne, Indiana is $67,500. The average mileage on a used BMW iX 2023 for sale in Fort Wayne, Indiana is 15,304. Based on the average mileage of 15,304 for used 2023 BMW iX for sale in Fort Wayne, IN and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW iX 2023 in Fort Wayne, Indiana to be $49,037.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.