Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
246 listings

Save with MINI Hardtop 2 Door rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • New Listing
    • 22,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,649 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DH08P2T52179
    Stock: 2004047074
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,998
    fair price
    $522 above market
    • 43,473 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 783 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C5XK2L11390
    Stock: 27542799
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $649 above market
    • 47,334 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Santa Rosa, CA / 2,612 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C51K2H95095
    Stock: 27680374
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,590
    fair price
    $258 above market
    • 43,429 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 2,011 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DH09P2T54336
    Stock: 2004018783
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

  • Photos not available
    • 20,925 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • A.D.Auto (25 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Bristol, CT / 25 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2019 Mini Cooper 2Dr Hatch VIN: WMWXP5C52K2H31051 Mileage: 20,925 White Pearl Exterior / Heated Black Leather Interior 60 Day / 3000 Mile Warranty Reb...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C52K2H31051
    Stock: H31051
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,879
    fair price
    $829 above market
    • 64,310 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Price Toyota (180 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in New Castle, DE / 180 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Orange Metallic 2019 MINI Cooper S ClassicKey Features Include:Alloy Wheels, Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Cooper S Classic, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L 16V TwinPo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C54K2A50689
    Stock: UA50689
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-06-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $22,998
    fair price
    $814 above market
    • 22,209 miles
    • 95 - 98 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Santa Rosa, CA / 2,612 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ00P2T05219
    Stock: 27719484
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,590
    fair price
    $356 above market
    • 41,998 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Starks Ford Of Queens - Jamaica (63 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jamaica, NY / 63 miles away from New Haven, CT

    You won't want to miss this excellent value! Feature-packed and decked out! A turbocharger is also included as an economical means of increasing perfo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C53K2H60988
    Stock: C222601
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 11,907 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Fairfield County (32 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Darien, CT / 32 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Clean CARFAX.Yellow 2023 MINI Cooper S FWD 7-Speed Automatic 2.0L 16V TwinPower TurboRecent Arrival! 28/38 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DH03P2S72370
    Stock: M21895
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $25,909
    fair price
    $866 above market
    • 29,988 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Latham (110 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Latham, NY / 110 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Why Buy from MINI of Latham?When you choose this 2023 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper S from MINI of Latham, you're not just buying a used car - you're inv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DH08P2T86753
    Stock: MCU0933
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2025

  • $12,999
    fair price
    $224 above market
    • 65,717 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Sunrise Autoland (61 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jamaica, NY / 61 miles away from New Haven, CT

    We at Sunrise Autoland are committed to provide 5 star customer service. We offer up to 5 years warranty on most of our vehicles. Our vehicles are ful...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C56K2D72657
    Stock: 0052D72657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-07-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 10,050 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 95 - 98 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 356 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ09P2S86315
    Stock: 2004044913
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,647
    fair price
    $337 above market
    • 25,016 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Morristown (88 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Morristown, NJ / 88 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Heated Seats, Moonroof, Apple CarPlay , Dual Zone A/C, Keyless Start, Onboard Communications System, Turbo Charged Engine, Back-Up Camera, Aluminum W...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DH08P2T20954
    Stock: M4268
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-12-2025

    • 26,652 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • MINI of Westchester (49 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in White Plains, NY / 49 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DH00P2T16218
    Stock: P4795
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 17,509 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Edison (96 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Edison, NJ / 96 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Heated Seats, Moonroof, Apple CarPlay , Dual Zone A/C, Keyless Start, Onboard Communications System, Back-Up Camera, Satellite Radio, Aluminum Wheels...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DH05P2T74339
    Stock: 3333A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-12-2025

    • 8,662 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 95 - 98 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,435 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ0XP2T31231
    Stock: 2004068995
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 17,365 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from ME to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in South Portland, ME / 207 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C58K2D72448
    Stock: 27827510
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 23,112 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 1,503 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C54K2H96032
    Stock: 27625578
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 12,089 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 95 - 98 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,546 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ02P2S91789
    Stock: 2004004898
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 16,642 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 95 - 98 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 600 miles away from New Haven, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ00P2T36244
    Stock: 2004056837
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-08-2025

    • 10,134 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Ekonkar Motors (89 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Scotch Plains, NJ / 89 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DH04P2T04498
    Stock: T04498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

Showing 148 - 168 out of 246 listings

Consumer Reviews for the MINI Hardtop 2 Door

Read recent reviews for the MINI Hardtop 2 Door
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars28 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 28 reviews
  • 5 star
    (79%)
  • 4 star
    (7%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
2 out of 5 stars

Fun but with faulty electronics and rattles galore

Aiden L, 09/24/2020
2020 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper S 2dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM)
Second 2dr S I’ve had (other was a 2013). While the iconic package looks great, the electronics were quite faulty; I was unable to use Apple CarPlay for the first four months of ownership, and I’ve had a variety of issues with the speakers. In addition, there are so many things that rattle, likes the HUD, something in the dash, in the trunk area, etc. I wanted to be a Mini guy, but the … poor quality vehicles (and even worse maintenance teams) make it very very difficult to consider. I’ve had the car 9 months, have driven less than 5k mi, and have taken it in for service more than five times already.
Report abuse

Used 2023 MINI Hardtop 2 Door in New Haven, CT Values

Estimated values
2023 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper S 2dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$19,515$21,076$22,840
Clean$19,310$20,790$22,461
Average$18,968$20,314$21,831
Rough$18,523$19,694$21,012

The average list price of a used 2023 MINI Hardtop 2 Door in New Haven, Connecticut is $21,908. The average mileage on a used MINI Hardtop 2 Door 2023 for sale in New Haven, Connecticut is 27,680. Based on the average mileage of 27,680 for used 2023 MINI Hardtop 2 Door for sale in New Haven, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used MINI Hardtop 2 Door 2023 in New Haven, Connecticut to be $18,968.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.