Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
3,128 listings
    • 27,355 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Lansdale Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Montgomeryville, PA / 77 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    RARE CERTIFIED WILLYS WITH A V6 TURBO DIESEL ENGINE.....EXTENDED RANGE,GREAT PERFORMANCE AND FUEL ECONOMY......TECHNOLOGY GROUP.....BLACK 3 PIECE HARD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDM5NW130057
    Stock: 130057
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • $30,982
    fair price
    $130 above market
    • 3,921 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats
    • O'Neil GMC (72 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Warminster, PA / 72 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    This 2022 Jeep Wrangler Sport in Black Clearcoat features: 3.6L V6 24V VVT 8-Speed Automatic 4WD CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Odometer is 25850 mi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXAG5NW235275
    Stock: 99-9622
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 52,290 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • Toms River Mitsubishi (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Toms River, NJ / 64 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Granite Crystal Metallic Clearcoat 2020 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVT Wrangler Unlimited Sahara, 4D Sport Utili...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG8LW171062
    Stock: TP171062
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

    • 67,090 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Atlantic Chevrolet (43 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 43 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    *The Internet Price is reflective after $1,995 down. Price subject to change Subject to primary lenders approval. All prices exclude tax, title, deale...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG5LW206674
    Stock: 53851T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • $29,998
    fair price
    $742 below market
    • 20,177 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats
    • CarMax Edison (31 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Edison, NJ / 31 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXAG7NW235116
    Stock: 26163900
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $28,499
    good price
    $2,150 below market
    • 42,365 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats
    • CarVision of Trooper (87 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Trooper, PA / 87 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDN7NW130165
    Stock: 130165
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • $39,537
    fair price
    $1,352 above market
    • 13,436 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Shoreline Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Old Saybrook, CT / 91 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara - Iconic Design with All-Weather Comfort and Trail-Ready CapabilityDrivetrain:The 2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG2NW118862
    Stock: CP2629
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 48,614 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Shoreline Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Old Saybrook, CT / 91 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Willys - Rugged Trail-Ready SUV with Xtreme Recon CapabilityDrivetrain:The 2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Willys is powe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG6NW237466
    Stock: CP2640
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • $37,995
    fair price
    $694 below market
    • 17,845 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Riverhead Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (70 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Riverhead, NY / 70 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Vehicle DetailsGet ready to conquer the road with this thrilling 2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Willys! With just 17,832 miles on the odometer, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDN9NW161384
    Stock: UR1512
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 69,777 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats
    • Island Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Staten Island, NY / 20 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Island Auto Group – No Hidden Fees, No Games, Just Real Prices! What You See is What You Pay – No "Extra" Dealer Fees Ever! Most dealers advertise fak...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDN7LW272335
    Stock: 999010
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

    • 93,806 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats
    • Ingersoll Auto of Danbury (48 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Danbury, CT / 48 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Clean CARFAX. Leather Seat Package, Wrangler Unlimited Sahara, 3.6L V6 24V VVT, 4WD, 1-Year SiriusXM Guardian Trial, 4G LTE Wi-Fi Hot Spot, 5-Year Sir...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG9LW296054
    Stock: P296054
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

    • 37,042 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • BMW of Fort Washington (80 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fort Washington, PA / 80 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Granite Crystal Metallic Clearcoat 2020 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVT Cold Weather Group, Daytime Running Lamps...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG1LW202782
    Stock: F202782T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

    • 33,393 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Matt Blatt Mitsubishi (99 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Glassboro, NJ / 99 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Firecracker Red Clearcoat 2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 2.0L I4 DOHCRecent Arrival!Matt Blatt has been serving New Jersey,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (21 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEN0NW163135
    Stock: G22836
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • $34,900
    fair price
    $1,203 above market
    • 22,272 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Ford (68 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doylestown, PA / 68 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Recent Arrival! 2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport S 3.6L V6 24V VVT 8-Speed Automatic 4WD 4D Sport Utility Bright White Clearcoat 3 Month / 4,000 Mil...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG0NW240735
    Stock: F5199K
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 79,442 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Lucas Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (74 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lumberton, NJ / 74 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Free CarFax History report available on all inventory. Please email or call 609.288.7623 for availability. 1-Year SiriusXM Guardian Trial, 4G LTE Wi-F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (21 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFNXLW130476
    Stock: 549248A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,995
    fair price
    $737 above market
    • 30,139 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Riverhead Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (70 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Riverhead, NY / 70 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Vehicle DetailsUnleash your adventurous spirit with this stunning 2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport S, boasting just 29,889 miles and ready t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDN1NW128198
    Stock: UR1479
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

    • 48,311 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Lucas Chevrolet (74 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lumberton, NJ / 74 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Free CarFax History report available on all inventory. Please email or call 609.288.7623 for availability. Recent Arrival! Priced below KBB Fair Purch...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG9LW345710
    Stock: P6896
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,998
    fair price
    $10 below market
    • 39,863 miles
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax King of Prussia (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in King of Prussia, PA / 90 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG0LW104859
    Stock: 27473506
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 45,493 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Bright Bay Mazda (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 42 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    2020 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara Altitude 4x4 with 45,493 miles and packed with off-road upgrades and luxury touches. This Wrangler includes naviga...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG7LW246642
    Stock: 6UP7242
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,885
    great price
    $5,016 below market
    • 77,169 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Northwest Hills Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (82 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Torrington, CT / 82 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    2019 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara **Clean Carfax**, **4 Wheel Drive**, **LOCALLY OWNED AND TRADED**, Wrangler Unlimited Sahara, 4D Sport Utility, 2....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEN4KW691482
    Stock: X25-554A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 26,337 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Ingersoll Auto of Danbury (48 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Danbury, CT / 48 miles away from Hackensack, NJ

    Odometer is 4719 miles below market average! CARFAX One-Owner. Wrangler Unlimited Sahara, 3.6L V6 24V VVT, 4WD, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Cold Weath...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG9NW104456
    Stock: A104456
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

Showing 148 - 168 out of 3,128 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Wrangler

Read recent reviews for the Jeep Wrangler
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars58 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 58 reviews
  • 5 star
    (79%)
  • 4 star
    (5%)
  • 3 star
    (2%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (12%)
1 out of 5 stars

Don’t get the 2021 Wrangler!

Heather, 12/19/2022
2021 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport RHD 4dr SUV 4WD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
Just don’t!! Custom built Wrangler Sport 2.0 Turbo in 2021. Less than 9 months and 13,500k miles in experienced shaking, loss of acceleration, and overheating. Towed and was diagnosed as engine failure. Almost 7 weeks with a loaner. Get it back from dealer and 2 months in at about 15k, loss of acceleration and shuts down. Told needs new transmission. Reach out finally to Jeep wave … where I’m informed the engine was never actually replaced, only part replacements. This is NOT the experience I was looking for when I purchased a brand new Jeep. Absolute nightmare.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Jeep Wrangler in Hackensack, NJ Values

Estimated values
2022 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Willys 4dr SUV 4WD (3.0L 6cyl Turbodiesel 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,623$26,609$28,690
Clean$24,186$26,091$28,083
Average$23,458$25,229$27,073
Rough$22,511$24,107$25,759

The average list price of a used 2022 Jeep Wrangler in Hackensack, New Jersey is $31,861. The average mileage on a used Jeep Wrangler 2022 for sale in Hackensack, New Jersey is 42,673. Based on the average mileage of 42,673 for used 2022 Jeep Wrangler for sale in Hackensack, NJ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Jeep Wrangler 2022 in Hackensack, New Jersey to be $23,458.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.