Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
495 listings
  • New Listing
    $28,995
    good price
    $1,403 below market
    • 50,860 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • The Car House of Garfield (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wayne, NJ / 60 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP09MCH06244
    Stock: H06244
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $31,495
    fair price
    $1,204 below market
    • 36,483 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Open Road BMW of Edison (80 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Edison, NJ / 80 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Heated Seats, Navigation, Sunroof, Satellite Radio, iPod/MP3 Input, Back-Up Camera, All Wheel Drive, Alloy Wheels, PREMIUM PACKAGE, REMOTE ENGINE STAR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP03MCG25207
    Stock: 74524XA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-16-2025

  • Price Drop
    $57,188
    fair price
    $134 above market
    • 19,933 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mercedes-Benz of Paramus (51 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Paramus, NJ / 51 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2023 BMW 4 Series M440i xDrive Mineral White Metallic 10 Speakers, Active Park Distance Control, Black Mirror Caps, Connected Package Pro, Extended Sh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA63AT05PCL51639
    Stock: PCL51639P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • $48,000
    fair price
    $569 above market
    • 19,685 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Freeport (43 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freeport, NY / 43 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2023 BMW 4 Series M440i xDrive AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 Alpine White10 Speakers, Alloy wheels, AM/FM Radio, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, Apple ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AR06PCL91696
    Stock: PF02488
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2025

  • $40,526
    fair price
    $756 above market
    • 14,330 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Mercedes-Benz of Paramus (51 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Paramus, NJ / 51 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2023 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive Skyscraper Gray Metallic 10 Speakers, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, Apple CarPlay & Android Auto Compatibility, Comfort Access ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP08PCM16398
    Stock: PCM16398P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,786
    fair price
    $70 above market
    • 9,186 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 2,494 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heads-Up Display,Heated Seats,Keyless...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP01MCF92764
    Stock: MCF92764P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $995 below market
    • 34,069 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to CT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 256 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP02MCG91943
    Stock: 27363395
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $33,495
    fair price
    $1,550 below market
    • 30,580 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Open Road BMW of Edison (80 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Edison, NJ / 80 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Alpine White exterior and Black interior. Heated Seats, Moonroof, Nav System, iPod/MP3 Input, All Wheel Drive, Turbo Charged Engine, Back-Up Camera, C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP06MCG12984
    Stock: 74259A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-11-2025

  • $35,590
    fair price
    $86 above market
    • 22,204 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 524 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP06MCG22687
    Stock: 2003685277
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • $40,995
    fair price
    $82 above market
    • 20,628 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Marano & Sons Auto Sales (71 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Garwood, NJ / 71 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Visit Marano & Sons Auto Sales Inc. online at www.maranosonsauto.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 844-992-3535 today to schedul...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP00PCL30695
    Stock: L30695
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $31,988
    fair price
    $21 above market
    • 28,794 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mission Viejo, CA / 2,470 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP04MCF83055
    Stock: P11901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $36,380
    fair price
    $1,253 above market
    • 42,189 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Yonkers Auto Mall (39 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Yonkers, NY / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA23AT05MCG93802
    Stock: Y13554
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2024

  • $38,888
    fair price
    $844 above market
    • 30,521 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Rallye BMW (35 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Westbury, NY / 35 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    MINERAL WHITE METALLIC & BLACK LEATHER W/BLUE STITCHING, BMW CERTIFIED, NAVIGATION, CLEAN CARFAX & ONLY ONE OWNER, CLEAN CARFAX, DRIVER'S ASSISTANCE, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA23AT07MCG90920
    Stock: U43714
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • Photos not available
    $37,944
    good price
    $1,772 below market
    • 22,428 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • MINI of Edison (81 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Edison, NJ / 81 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Heated Seats, Navigation, Apple CarPlay , Smart Device Integration, Blind Spot Monitor, Dual Zone A/C, Onboard Communications System, Turbo Charged, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA23AT04MCH34386
    Stock: P2278
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-04-2024

  • $31,839
    fair price
    $497 above market
    • 47,288 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Deluxe Auto Sales (69 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Linden, NJ / 69 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2021 BMW 430i xDrive M Sport Coupe,Black Sapphire Metallic Exterior over Tacora Red Vernasca Leather Interior,ORIGINAL MSRP: $57,390.00FACTORY OPTIONS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP08MCF99168
    Stock: 17761
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-12-2025

  • $36,695
    fair price
    $584 above market
    • 63,745 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • TSF Auto Sales (53 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hasbrouck Heights, NJ / 53 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    This 2021 BMW 4 Series 2dr M440i xDrive features a 3.0L STRAIGHT 6 CYLINDER 6cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a 8 Speed Automatic transmission...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AR05MCF36550
    Stock: F36550
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

  • $35,598
    fair price
    $1,085 above market
    • 42,617 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Open Road BMW of Roxbury (80 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Kenvil, NJ / 80 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Nav System, Heated Seats, Satellite Radio, Blind Spot Monitor, Dual Zone A/C, Onboard Communications System, iPod/MP3 Input, Back-Up Camera, Aluminum ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA23AT06MCG17442
    Stock: 29823A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • New Listing
    $36,590
    fair price
    $573 above market
    • 44,564 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 617 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA23AT02MCG84250
    Stock: 2003614843
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • $45,668
    fair price
    $282 above market
    • 16,373 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Route 1 Hyundai (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Monmouth Junction, NJ / 90 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2023 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive CONVERTIBLE XDRIVE GREAT VALUE REMAINDER OF FACTORY WARRANTY, SERVICE RECORDS AVAILABLE, APPLE CAR PLAY ANDROID AUTO, LA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA43AT06PCL85015
    Stock: GU273639A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $31,590
    fair price
    $916 above market
    • 61,051 miles
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,055 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP09MCF69331
    Stock: 2003706135
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

    • 88,280 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jim Juliani Motors (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 28 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4Z3C57KEF31265
    Stock: F31265
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

;
Showing 43 - 63 out of 495 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 4 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 4 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars18 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 18 reviews
  • 5 star
    (72%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

It's simple different

Luca C, 01/11/2021
2021 BMW 4 Series M440i xDrive 2dr Coupe AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A)
Beauty is an opinion... but for sure this is different. People complain about cars w/o personality... it has a lot, as exterior, interior, and the awesome powertrain. The M440i is fantastic to drive, ready, quick and efficient too. ---- After 1 year with the M440i, I confirm everything I said. Totally satisfied ---
Report abuse

Used 2021 BMW 4 Series in Bridgeport, CT Values

Estimated values
2021 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive 2dr Coupe AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,494$28,421$30,356
Clean$25,981$27,845$29,714
Average$25,125$26,885$28,644
Rough$24,013$25,638$27,254

The average list price of a used 2021 BMW 4 Series in Bridgeport, Connecticut is $36,528. The average mileage on a used BMW 4 Series 2021 for sale in Bridgeport, Connecticut is 35,515. Based on the average mileage of 35,515 for used 2021 BMW 4 Series for sale in Bridgeport, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 4 Series 2021 in Bridgeport, Connecticut to be $25,125.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.