Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
244 listings
  • $29,950
    fair price
    $173 below market
    • 78,001 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Elite Auto Sales (424 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Herrin, IL / 424 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Hybrid, CLEAN AUTO CHECK WITH NO PRIOR DAMAGE HISTORY, SHOWROOM NEW, PEARL WHITE IN COLOR, HEATED AND COOLED SEATS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C15MU006534
    Stock: 006534
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-27-2024

  • New Listing
    $27,998
    good price
    $2,036 below market
    • 74,990 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 44 City / 45 Hwy MPG
    • Scanlon Acura (457 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 457 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Prices shown do not include taxes, license, $899 Dealer Delivery Fee, or our $141 Electronic Filing Fee. *While every reasonable effort is made to ens...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (44 City/45 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHB21B12K2044909
    Stock: L25N316A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $33,557
    fair price
    $516 above market
    • 66,952 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Hendrick Lexus Northlake (308 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 308 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Heated/Cooled Leather Seats, Nav System, Moonroof, Lane Keeping Assist, Remote Engine Start, Back-Up Camera, Rain Sensing Wipers. BUY WITH CONFIDENCE1...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AEA1C10MU001066
    Stock: PN4607
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $40,914
    fair price
    $952 above market
    • 33,396 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Apple Tree Honda (244 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fletcher, NC / 244 miles away from Columbus, GA

    This vehicle is a Lexus Sedan ES 300h Base model, made in 2023. It has driven 33,396 miles and comes with a crash test rating of 5 out of 5 stars. It ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C15PU028988
    Stock: P3447
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 112,000 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 679 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Premium ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C19MU001014
    Stock: MU001014P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $39,988
    fair price
    $196 above market
    • 38,954 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Johnson Lexus of Durham (416 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Durham, NC / 416 miles away from Columbus, GA

    L/CERTIFIED SALES EVENT! 5.75% FINANCING FOR UP TO 72 MONTHS! PRICED BELOW CERTIFIED RETAIL VALUE OF $ FOR A QUICK AND HASSLE-FREE SALE! L-CERTIFIED U...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C19PU026841
    Stock: DP10565
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • New Listing
    $29,998
    fair price
    $1,196 above market
    • 39,098 miles
    • 44 City / 45 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Renton, WA / 2,194 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (44 City/45 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHB21B19K2026231
    Stock: 27149205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $31,900
    fair price
    $629 below market
    • 44,921 miles
    • 44 City / 45 Hwy MPG
    • Balkcum Auto (432 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 432 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (44 City/45 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHB21B16K2024646
    Stock: 4646
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 15,221 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Atlanta (91 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 91 miles away from Columbus, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AFA1C10PU036831
    Stock: 2003717022
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $35,075
    fair price
    $225 above market
    • 30,395 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Dayton (491 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Centerville, OH / 491 miles away from Columbus, GA

    ** LEXUS OF DAYTON, A SERVICE COMPANY THAT SELLS GREAT CARS. Experience our commitment to providing you the best possible service.** VERY NICE LUXURY ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C11MU004974
    Stock: TMU004974
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

    • 14,748 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Brambleton Imports (430 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roanoke, VA / 430 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AFA1C10MU009270
    Stock: 009270
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 30,233 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Jim Hudson Lexus (257 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 257 miles away from Columbus, GA

    L/Certified Details: * Vehicle History * Limited Warranty: 24 Month/Unlimited Mile * 161 Point Inspection * Warranty Deductible: $0 * CERTIFIED WARRAN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AFA1C12PU032196
    Stock: C35531A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 68,444 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Hendrick Toyota Concord (314 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Concord, NC / 314 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Clean. REDUCED FROM $36,495!, $3,300 below J.D. Power Retail!, EPA 44 MPG Hwy/43 MPG City! Heated/Cooled Leather Seats, Nav System, Moonroof, Onboard ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AFA1C15MU010558
    Stock: PS13810
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 39,038 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 684 miles away from Columbus, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C19MU002857
    Stock: 2003676274
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 46,839 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Just Whips (379 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 379 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Just Whips 2 Sales Dept 3930 US 220 S Madison, NC 27025 3**-2**-8*** 2018 Lexus ES300H46,XXX MilesClean and Clear TitleAutomatic with sport mode tip t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C14MU003575
    Stock: 003575
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 17,555 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of Clarksville (400 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, IN / 400 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Iridium 2023 Lexus ES 300h Luxury FWD eCVT 2.5L I4 DOHC 16V **ACCIDENT FREE CARFAX**, **BLUETOOTH**, **CARFAX ONE OWNE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AEA1C14PU035726
    Stock: P035726
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 27,109 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Myrtle Beach Chevrolet (362 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Myrtle Beach, SC / 362 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Recent Arrival! 2.5L I4 DOHC 16V. 43/44 City/Highway MPGClean CARFAX.2023 Lexus ES 300h 4D Sedan FWD 2.5L I4 DOHC 16V eCVT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C10PU034021
    Stock: 27829A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 54,164 miles
    • Odometer issue reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 40 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Magnetism Motors (109 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, GA / 109 miles away from Columbus, GA

    This 2017 Lexus ES 4dr ES 300h Sedan features a 2.5L 4 CYLINDER 4cyl Hybrid engine. It is equipped with a Continuously Variable transmission. The vehi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (40 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHBW1GG4H2135027
    Stock: H2135027
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 38,664 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Hilton Head Lexus (236 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Hardeeville, SC / 236 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C11MU001279
    Stock: H25348A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

    • 132,575 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Triple J Automotive (288 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Erwin, TN / 288 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2021 LEXUS ES300 HYBRID 2.5 4CYL HEATED / COOLED LEATHER SEATS BEAUTIFUL BROWN LEATHER INTERIOR NAVIGATION POWER MOONROOF REAR BACK UP CAMERA BLUETOOT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADA1C14MU011739
    Stock: 011739
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 31,490 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 43 City / 44 Hwy MPG
    • Grand Motorcars Kennesaw (104 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 104 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Vehicle Overview 2.5L I4 DOHC 16V, Flaxen Leather, Acoustic Side Glass, BSM w/Park Assist & Panoramic View Monitor, Hands-Free Power Open/Close Trunk,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    44 Combined MPG (43 City/44 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AFA1C11MU009374
    Stock: MU009374
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-28-2024

Showing 64 - 84 out of 244 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus ES 300h

Read recent reviews for the Lexus ES 300h
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (78%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

2019 ES 300h Hybrid Luxury

J Daw, 02/09/2019
2019 Lexus ES 300h Luxury 4dr Sedan (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
This is a luxury, teriffic milage, car that is very quiet. The layout of tha interior is similar to the LS. The operation of the instrumentation leaves something to be desired-way too complicated to operate. Lexus seemed to go out of their way making everything instrumental way too hard to easily operate. My 2013 Lexus ES300h was much easier insofar as operation of the instrumental … package. Otherwise, it is a great car. Smooth, quiet, firm easy driving. I would strongly suggest paying extra for the Luxury package in order to get the noise reducing wheels and window glass. They come standard as part of the Luxury package.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Lexus ES 300h in Columbus, GA Values

Estimated values
2021 Lexus ES 300h 4dr Sedan (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,221$26,466$28,721
Clean$23,752$25,930$28,113
Average$22,970$25,036$27,101
Rough$21,953$23,874$25,785

The average list price of a used 2021 Lexus ES 300h in Columbus, Georgia is $34,696. The average mileage on a used Lexus ES 300h 2021 for sale in Columbus, Georgia is 49,276. Based on the average mileage of 49,276 for used 2021 Lexus ES 300h for sale in Columbus, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus ES 300h 2021 in Columbus, Georgia to be $22,970.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.