Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
277 listings
    • 68,507 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 609 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2SV3KA519868
    Stock: 2003657795
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 28,395 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Woodfield Lexus (10 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 10 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    ** Local Trade**, ** Lane Departure Warning, ** Blind Spot Monitor, ** Alloy Wheels / Premium Wheels, ** Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, ** Navigation Sys...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALKP9E76PA072512
    Stock: 250637A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

    • 16,756 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Guaranteed Motor Cars - Lansing (39 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lansing, IL / 39 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALK19E70PA053357
    Stock: PH371
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2024

  • Appraise
    my car

    Get the Edmunds appraisal report and a no-obligation offer for your car

    See my car’s value
  • Stock photo**
    $29,845
    fair price
    $223 below market
    • 96,172 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Car Planet (38 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago Heights, IL / 38 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    Visit Car Planet online at gocarplanet.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 7**-2**-0*** today to schedule your test drive.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RE4KA526592
    Stock: CQ558
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

    • 53,072 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarWise Gurnee (34 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Gurnee, IL / 34 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    ** Adaptive Cruise Control, ** Alloy Wheels / Premium Wheels, ** Automatic Emergency Braking, ** Backup Camera, ** Blind Spot Monitor, ** Bluetooth, H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2FE5HA320873
    Stock: GG28633
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 26,933 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • The Autobarn Volkswagen of Countryside (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Countryside, IL / 17 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    ** Alloy Wheels, ** Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, ** Backup Camera, ** Blind Spot Monitor, ** Bluetooth, Hands Free, ** Brake Assist, ** Cruise Control,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGV2RE8KA525002
    Stock: JR15499
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

    • 33,091 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Land Rover of Naperville (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 10 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    Notes on This Vehicle:DESIRABLE FEATURES: This used 2021 Land Rover Range Rover Westminster for sale features: Android Auto, Moon/Sunroof, Heated Seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RU0MA431117
    Stock: R25389A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 22,226 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 333 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RU0MA420442
    Stock: 2003726113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 34,351 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Romeoville (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Romeoville, IL / 17 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    This Land Rover Range Rover has a dependable Intercooled Supercharger Premium Unleaded V-8 5.0 L/305 engine powering this Automatic transmission. Driv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGW2REXMA433471
    Stock: P0302
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2025

    • 23,963 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 1,200 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2SE6MA415166
    Stock: 27100769
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Haus of Imports (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lemont, IL / 18 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RU0MA431912
    Stock: 431912
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-28-2024

    • 55,726 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Autos of Chicago (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Arlington Heights, IL / 16 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    A luxury leader, our 2023 Land Rover Range Rover SE AWD with the Hot Climate Pack also blazes trails with bold capability in Hakuba Silver Metallic! M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALKP9FU2PA041097
    Stock: 4020
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 31,207 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 609 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RE3KA533033
    Stock: 2003799974
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 37,219 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,719 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGW2REXMA417027
    Stock: ZA1417027F
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 26,752 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Diamond Motorworks (9 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lisle, IL / 9 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGV2RE4KA558742
    Stock: 558742
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 39,705 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Murrieta, CA / 1,679 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RU1MA422426
    Stock: 27482178
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 41,250 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tyler, TX / 772 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RU0MA442862
    Stock: 27138838
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 46,828 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 609 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2SV8KA546564
    Stock: 2003712586
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

    • 23,712 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 258 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RU0MA456860
    Stock: MA456860PJ
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 49,656 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 265 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    Free Lifetime Mechanical Protection! Recent Arrival!Our exclusive No Accidents Reported 2021 Land Rover Range Rover Westminster AWD excels off the roa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2RU7MA452739
    Stock: A31048
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 59,208 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 788 miles away from Carol Stream, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: SALGS2SV4KA563510
    Stock: 2003753679
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 277 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Land Rover Range Rover

Read recent reviews for the Land Rover Range Rover
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (47%)
  • 4 star
    (3%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (17%)
  • 1 star
    (27%)
2 out of 5 stars

Electronic Nightmare

Chris, 06/22/2019
2019 Land Rover Range Rover HSE 4dr SUV 4WD (3.0L 6cyl S/C 8A)
The electronics (entertainment and climate control) started malfunctioning the day I bought the car. Dealer picked it up, gave me a loaner and took car to fix it. It apparently needed a software update - seems like that should have been on the pre-delivery check list. Ok. A week later, the lower touch screen went totally blank. Then the two knobs that control temp stopped working. … Dealer picked up the car again and apparently, the lower screen was bad and needed to be replaced. Now the radio source randomly changes and the climate control (lower screen) seems to roll through random levels of working or not - I am happy that I bought this in the spring and consistent heat or A/C haven't been needed yet. Car is going back to the dealer next week to see if the third time is a charm. Will be noting to the dealer that another problem will result in initiating a Lemon Law suit. The dealer has been great and I really couldn't say enough about their responsiveness which is very much in line or even exceeding expectations (which were high given the cost of the car). If it wasn't for this issue, I would give the 2019 RR 5 stars. I love everything else about the car. Unfortunately, I seem to be getting more experience with their loaners (none of which have had a similar issue) than my vehicle.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Land Rover Range Rover in Carol Stream, IL Values

Estimated values
2019 Land Rover Range Rover HSE 4dr SUV 4WD (3.0L 6cyl S/C 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,700$31,038$34,892
Clean$26,136$30,378$34,144
Average$25,198$29,278$32,897
Rough$23,977$27,848$31,277

The average list price of a used 2019 Land Rover Range Rover in Carol Stream, Illinois is $61,511. The average mileage on a used Land Rover Range Rover 2019 for sale in Carol Stream, Illinois is 40,736. Based on the average mileage of 40,736 for used 2019 Land Rover Range Rover for sale in Carol Stream, IL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Land Rover Range Rover 2019 in Carol Stream, Illinois to be $25,198.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.