Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
181 listings
  • Price Drop
    $20,990
    great price
    $5,856 below market
    • 105,760 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Diplomat Motors (168 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Troutdale, OR / 168 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    Vehicle Details:- Year: 2020- Make: INFINITI- Model: QX80- Trim: LUXE Sport Utility 4D- Drivetrain: 4WD- Title: Clean- Engine: V8, 5.6 Liter- Accident...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE3L9254204
    Stock: 254204
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 68,491 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax Vancouver (164 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Vancouver, WA / 164 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE7K9233175
    Stock: 26769274
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 73,342 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Town Toyota (3 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in East Wenatchee, WA / 3 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF0L9703525
    Stock: 27842A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2024

  • $29,999
    fair price
    $908 above market
    • 48,296 miles
    • 1 accident, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • State Street Motors (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bellingham, WA / 137 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    This INFINITI QX80 Base is powered by a strong 5.6L V8 400hp 413ft. lbs. engine and a 7-Speed Shiftable Automatic transmission. Technology includes: H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE8J9192652
    Stock: SSM3853
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-19-2024

    • 62,179 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Bellingham Truck Center (144 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lynden, WA / 144 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    This INFINITI QX80 Base, with a 5.6L V8 400hp 413ft. lbs. engine, features a 7-Speed Shiftable Automatic transmission. Find this vehicle with only 621...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE3J9194373
    Stock: BTC0945
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 49,151 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to WA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Modesto, CA / 674 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF5L9701639
    Stock: 27302945
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 61,708 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 2,276 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NEXL9255298
    Stock: 2003658810
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 53,686 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 1,637 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE1L9250992
    Stock: 26715090
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 74,341 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,923 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE9L9255695
    Stock: 2003629236
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

    • 61,554 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,815 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    High Demand,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Entertainment System,Heated Seats,Heated Ste...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NEXL9251140
    Stock: L9251140P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 55,292 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Karmart Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (120 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Burlington, WA / 120 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE9L9250576
    Stock: N16617
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2024

  • New Listing
    • 29,289 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NY to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Albany, NY / 2,252 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE2L9250578
    Stock: 27018687
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $51,991
    good price
    $3,630 below market
    • 15,495 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • INFINITI of Tacoma at Fife (101 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fife, WA / 101 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CERTIFIED WARRANTY, BACK-UP CAMERA, 4X4, LEATHER, HEATED FRONT SEATS, HEATED STEERING WHEEL, NAVIGATION, LANE DEPARTURE WARNING, BLUETOOTH®, MOONROOF,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE6P9301088
    Stock: 9518
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • $51,991
    good price
    $2,219 below market
    • 18,640 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • INFINITI of Tacoma at Fife (101 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fife, WA / 101 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CERTIFIED WARRANTY, BACK-UP CAMERA, 4X4, LEATHER, HEATED FRONT SEATS, HEATED STEERING WHEEL, NAVIGATION, LANE DEPARTURE WARNING, BLUETOOTH®, MOONROOF,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE8P9302808
    Stock: SL9429
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 01-14-2025

  • $39,000
    good price
    $2,444 below market
    • 63,433 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 1,282 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Entertainment System,H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE5M9272967
    Stock: S9Z67613A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $23,002
    fair price
    $935 below market
    • 95,556 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Volkswagen of Bellingham (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bellingham, WA / 137 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    2019 INFINITI QX80 KEY FEATURES INCLUDELeather Seats, Third Row Seat, Navigation, Sunroof, 4x4 Black Obsidian exterior and Graphite interior. Heated L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE9K9236420
    Stock: 9236420T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,568
    good price
    $1,828 below market
    • 41,740 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Acura of Seattle (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tukwila, WA / 94 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    2019 INFINITI QX80 LUXE Black Obsidian 4WD 5.6L V8 7-Speed AutomaticQX80 LUXE, 120V Power Outlet, 22" Wheel Package, Adaptive Front Lighting System, A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NEXK9226415
    Stock: 247094A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • $21,000
    fair price
    $86 below market
    • 97,426 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Doug's Hyundai (101 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Edmonds, WA / 101 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NC7H9431049
    Stock: 250495H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,998
    fair price
    $348 below market
    • 69,450 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 733 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE2K9234119
    Stock: 27121461
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $37,998
    good price
    $1,065 below market
    • 56,134 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 2,226 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AC7M9475200
    Stock: 26761871
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 78,947 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Northwest Auto Hub (120 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mount Vernon, WA / 120 miles away from East Wenatchee, WA

    **$1000 Trade Assistance is above initial trade-in offer. Must be presented at the time of purchase. Must trade in a 2010 or newer qualifying vehicle ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NEXK9235776
    Stock: X3991
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-03-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 181 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX80

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX80
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (34%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (19%)
  • 2 star
    (25%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
4 out of 5 stars

My 5th INFINITI

JTitan, 04/21/2020
2019 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A)
This is my fifth INFINITI product, I had have many of their smaller cars and suvs in the past and was very happy. I decided to get something bigger for family use to travel comfortably. The ride quality and interior are excellent, safety systems work great! Reliability keeps me coming back to the brand as all of my INFINITI products have been flawless! This is a very comfortable long … distance cruiser, the rear seat entertainment is easy to use and the heated/cooled seats work quick. Leather quality is good and is resistant to discoloring (I have the wheat colored quilted leather). Overall the only knock is the technology is badly outdated but still does the basics. Gas mileage is predictable for a large naturally aspirated V8, the sound it makes is great and has strong, smooth acceleration! Overall I would buy again as this is an excellent luxury family do everything proper (truck based) suv!
Report abuse

Used 2020 INFINITI QX80 in East Wenatchee, WA Values

Estimated values
2020 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$27,189$31,021$34,703
Clean$26,694$30,453$34,065
Average$25,870$29,507$33,000
Rough$24,798$28,277$31,617

The average list price of a used 2020 INFINITI QX80 in East Wenatchee, Washington is $34,250. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX80 2020 for sale in East Wenatchee, Washington is 60,948. Based on the average mileage of 60,948 for used 2020 INFINITI QX80 for sale in East Wenatchee, WA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX80 2020 in East Wenatchee, Washington to be $25,870.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.