Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
518 listings
  • New Listing
    $64,995
    fair price
    $396 above market
    • 46,718 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Lynnes Subaru (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bloomfield, NJ / 8 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    This 2022 Cadillac Escalade has passed the Lynnes comprehensive 172 point inspection with flying colors. Our ASE certified technicians have inspected ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKL0NR262247
    Stock: SE3410P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-06-2025

  • $68,490
    fair price
    $1,561 above market
    • 63,308 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Stream Auto Outlet (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Valley Stream, NY / 27 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    2022 Cadillac Escalade Sport Platinum Black Raven 10-Speed Automatic 4WD, Jet Black Leather, 16.9" Diagonal OLED Infotainment Screen, 4-Way Power Driv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL6NR354857
    Stock: 5692
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-21-2025

  • $69,900
    good price
    $1,512 below market
    • 11,699 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • MetroStars Auto Group (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Plainfield, NJ / 10 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKL4NR258508
    Stock: C258508
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 18,284 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac of Mahwah (29 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mahwah, NJ / 29 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Fresh Oil Change, 4WD, Jet Black. CARFAX One-Owner. Galactic Gray Metallic 2022 Cadillac Escalade Luxury Luxury 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8Why shou...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4AKL0NR320863
    Stock: C15732A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 96,875 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 520 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ0LR265896
    Stock: 2004001363
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2025

    • 20,990 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Atlantic Chevrolet (50 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 50 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Subject to the primary lender's approval. All prices exclude tax, title, dealer fee of $695, tags, license & DMV. Vehicles are sold cosmetically as is...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4AKL1NR301044
    Stock: 54282T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-20-2025

    • 27,172 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac of Mahwah (29 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mahwah, NJ / 29 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Fresh Oil Change, 4WD, Brandy With Very Dark Atmosphere Accents Leather. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Crystal White Tricoat 2022 Cadillac Escalade ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL1NR308095
    Stock: C15633A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 16,921 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • North Bay Cadillac (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Great Neck, NY / 27 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4FKL5NR327241
    Stock: 41402T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 30,178 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NJ*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Santa Rosa, CA / 2,556 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3DKJ2LR259564
    Stock: 27816398
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 112,261 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Gaven Auto Group (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kenvil, NJ / 25 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    previous livery, delivery, tlc, taxi use

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ1LR150062
    Stock: 150062
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2025

    • 44,864 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • D'Addario Nissan (73 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Shelton, CT / 73 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Certified. 2022 Cadillac Escalade Sport Platinum 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 4WD, Dark Auburn With Jet Black Accents Leather. Cadillac Certified Pr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL5NR186967
    Stock: C5125A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 28,459 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Elite Mitsubishi (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jamaica, NY / 21 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Advertised price does not include tax, title, license inspection, finance charges, lender fees (if applicable). To take advantage of advertised pricin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL1NR170946
    Stock: EU1999A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

  • $73,568
    great price
    $7,380 below market
    • 18,632 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • North Bay Cadillac (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Great Neck, NY / 27 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Certified. 2023 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury Crystal White Tricoat This Escalade Premium Luxury is nicely equipped with All-Weather Floor Liner Pa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKLXPR562896
    Stock: 12437P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 25,571 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Hudson Cadillac Buick GMC (68 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Poughkeepsie, NY / 68 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Heated Leather Seats, 3rd Row Seat, Sunroof, NAV, 4x4, Panoramic Roof, Alloy Wheels, Quad Seats, SUPER CRUISE, TRANSMISSION, 10-SPEED AUTOMATIC, ENGIN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL3NR267825
    Stock: 31728
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 21,593 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to NJ*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 594 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3AKJ4LR233790
    Stock: 27744353
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 51,527 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Performance Buick GMC of Woodbridge (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, NJ / 8 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4DKL3NR202050
    Stock: GW1155
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 39,358 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • North Bay Cadillac (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Great Neck, NY / 27 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    2018 Cadillac Escalade Luxury Radiant Silver Metallic This Escalade Luxury is nicely equipped with Driver Awareness Package (Forward Collision Alert, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ8JR297587
    Stock: 40870LT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 64,060 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Automotive Avenues (31 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wall, NJ / 31 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Just arrived is this posh, NONSMOKER 2018 Cadillac Escalade Luxury 4x4! WINNER OF U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT'S 2015 BEST LUXURY LARGE SUV FOR FAMILIES A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ7JR386051
    Stock: 54538
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 45,168 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • North Bay Cadillac (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Great Neck, NY / 27 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Certified. 2022 Cadillac Escalade Sport Platinum Crystal White Tricoat This Escalade Sport Platinum is nicely equipped with Heavy-Duty Trailering Pack...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL7NR312701
    Stock: 41678T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

    • 62,660 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Atlantic Chevrolet (50 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 50 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Subject to the primary lender's approval. All prices exclude tax, title, dealer fee of $695, tags, license & DMV. Vehicles are sold cosmetically as is...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL6NR306419
    Stock: 53282T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $77,537
    great price
    $6,864 below market
    • 16,528 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • North Bay Cadillac (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Great Neck, NY / 27 miles away from Elizabeth, NJ

    Certified. 2023 Cadillac Escalade Sport Black Raven This Escalade Sport is nicely equipped with Onyx Package (LPO) (Gloss Black Escalade Nameplate (LP...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4FKL5PR362025
    Stock: 12392P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 518 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars44 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 44 reviews
  • 5 star
    (59%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (18%)
1 out of 5 stars

POS

Wade Edington, 11/03/2019
2017 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 8A)
I’ve had my 2017 CPO Escalade a little over a year now and it has been in the shop numerous times for various things for a total of almost 2 months. So far the transmission completely died (on day 1 of ownership, I didn’t even make it home from the dealer), the motor mounts had to be replaced, I continue to have transmission shift problems (but according to the dealer, they are 100% … normal), brake problems, electrical problems, various rattles and squeaks, the front end collision prevention system no longer functions. I like the car but wish they would just give me a different one, mine is cursed.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Cadillac Escalade in Elizabeth, NJ Values

Estimated values
2022 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$56,408$59,486$62,695
Clean$55,657$58,662$61,794
Average$54,404$57,289$60,291
Rough$52,776$55,504$58,338

The average list price of a used 2022 Cadillac Escalade in Elizabeth, New Jersey is $62,509. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade 2022 for sale in Elizabeth, New Jersey is 41,087. Based on the average mileage of 41,087 for used 2022 Cadillac Escalade for sale in Elizabeth, NJ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade 2022 in Elizabeth, New Jersey to be $54,404.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.