Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
85 listings
  • Price Drop
    $31,380
    fair price
    $618 below market
    • 45,504 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Russ Darrow Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram - Madison (241 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Madison, WI / 241 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ8L2140831
    Stock: PMCTK7106A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

  • $28,995
    fair price
    $913 above market
    • 58,902 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Ann Arbor (49 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ann Arbor, MI / 49 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBJRBZ7J2086917
    Stock: 102064C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,296
    fair price
    $574 above market
    • 95,806 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Genesis of Minneapolis (466 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Golden Valley, MN / 466 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Serviced here, Non-Smoker vehicle, Heated Seats, Moonroof, iPod/MP3 Input, Satellite Radio, Hybrid, Back-Up Camera, ACCESSORY PACKAGE, HEATED WOOD & L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBJRBZ5J2090139
    Stock: 3653B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-11-2025

    • 11,892 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Brambleton Imports (450 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Roanoke, VA / 450 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDJRDZ5L5007039
    Stock: 007039
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,980
    good price
    $1,041 below market
    • 106,249 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • KD Motorsport (182 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Palatine, IL / 182 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBJRBZ0G2034716
    Stock: 101352
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 29,402 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Maguire Toyota of Grand Island (283 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Island, NY / 283 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 33/30 City/Highway MPG Odometer is 24891 miles below market average!Gray 2020 Lexus NX 300h eCVT 2.5L I4 DOHC 16...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZXL2139549
    Stock: XTG738
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-15-2025

    • 63,618 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Kunes Honda of Sycamore (219 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sycamore, IL / 219 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDJRDZ2L2127740
    Stock: 40P1173
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,319
    fair price
    $66 above market
    • 74,376 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Wyatt Johnson Ford (472 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 472 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBJRBZ5J2093087
    Stock: TJ2093087
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

    • 53,185 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Akron Canton (199 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Akron, OH / 199 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Luxury Meets Efficiency in this Lexus Certified 2020 NX 300h!Elevate your driving experience with this Lexus Certified 2020 NX 300h, a luxurious hybri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ5L5009015
    Stock: 5665A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 46,555 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 618 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDJRDZ1L5004526
    Stock: 2003932919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 43,545 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,201 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ6L2133926
    Stock: 2004047896
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2025

    • 16,249 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 618 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDJRDZ8L5004362
    Stock: 2003790839
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,250
    great price
    $3,718 below market
    • 74,718 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Bobby Rahal Lexus (425 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 425 miles away from Lansing, MI

    LOCAL ONE OWNER LEXUS TRADE IN! BOUGHT FROM US AND SERVICED WITH US! SOME Premium options are, 10 Speakers, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Auto High-beam...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ1M5014570
    Stock: LX30511A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

    • 94,322 miles
    • 5 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Springfield, OR / 1,916 miles away from Lansing, MI

    High Demand,Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBJRBZ2J2088218
    Stock: VT008218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $31,468
    great price
    $3,102 below market
    • 43,358 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Liberty Ford of Aurora (190 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Aurora, OH / 190 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Please inquire for a personalized Video Walk-Around of this vehicle! We are offering FREE at Home Delivery on this vehicle within 300 miles! Test Driv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ8M5014856
    Stock: P00777
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $33,938
    great price
    $3,319 below market
    • 28,939 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,911 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,WiFi H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ6M2164398
    Stock: M2164398T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,873
    great price
    $2,493 below market
    • 75,128 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Signature Auto Enterprises (188 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 188 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBJRBZ8H2063558
    Stock: P61764
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $34,590
    good price
    $1,581 below market
    • 31,502 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 557 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ8M2167836
    Stock: 2003982405
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,697
    fair price
    $454 below market
    • 90,289 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Jordan Lexus of Mishawa (110 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Mishawaka, IN / 110 miles away from Lansing, MI

    This Certified 2021 Lexus NX NX 300h comes with All Wheel Drive, LED Headlights, Bluetooth Connection, Premium Synthetic Seats, Remote Engine Start, I...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDJRDZ4M2150308
    Stock: PM2150308
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $35,683
    good price
    $1,536 below market
    • 21,757 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,911 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Kee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGJRDZ3M2150863
    Stock: M2150863T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $32,995
    good price
    $1,309 below market
    • 35,550 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 33 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Alexandria Toyota (476 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 476 miles away from Lansing, MI

    2021 Lexus NX 300h 2.5L I4 DOHC 16V. AWDRecent Arrival! 33/30 City/Highway MPGWelcome to Alexandria Toyota! We re proud to offer our clients in Washi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (33 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDJRDZ8M5014794
    Stock: 0N16637A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 85 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus NX 300h

Read recent reviews for the Lexus NX 300h
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars26 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 26 reviews
  • 5 star
    (77%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

One of the best SUV

rich, 02/24/2019
2019 Lexus NX 300h 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
We traded in with the RS450H after owning the car for 8 years and put 80,000 miles. Other than oil changes, tyre changes and put gas in tank, we had absolutely no maintenance issues with this car - just amazingly reliable car. That is one of the many other reasons we bought the NX300h. The gas milage is great. we are getting about 35 mpg combined compared to 23 mpg of the RX450h.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Lexus NX 300h in Lansing, MI Values

Estimated values
2020 Lexus NX 300h 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$23,984$26,773$29,455
Clean$23,547$26,283$28,913
Average$22,820$25,466$28,009
Rough$21,874$24,405$26,835

The average list price of a used 2020 Lexus NX 300h in Lansing, Michigan is $30,178. The average mileage on a used Lexus NX 300h 2020 for sale in Lansing, Michigan is 54,326. Based on the average mileage of 54,326 for used 2020 Lexus NX 300h for sale in Lansing, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus NX 300h 2020 in Lansing, Michigan to be $22,820.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.