Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,485 listings
  • $22,490
    fair price
    $549 above market
    • 68,006 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Discovery Auto Center (426 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 426 miles away from Columbia, SC

    *Price shown is after Trade & Finance Assist credit. To receive $500 Trade Assist credit, customer must trade-in a vehicle. To receive $500 Finance As...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF77JD036177
    Stock: 036177
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • New Listing
    $26,500
    fair price
    $946 above market
    • 72,583 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Fredericksburg (351 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 351 miles away from Columbia, SC

    This 2020 Samurai Gray Metallic Audi Q7 55 Premium Plus AWD quattro is well equipped and includes these features and benefits: Recent Arrival!Clean ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LXAF71LD008800
    Stock: 135421P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • $12,998
    fair price
    $193 above market
    • 141,627 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • ZedMotors (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 183 miles away from Columbia, SC

    !!!WARRANTY AVAILABLE!!! Please visit our website at WWW.ZEDMOTORSNC.COM for a detailed Carfax report Drives great Clean and well maintained vehicle T...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF74JD029297
    Stock: 029297
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2025

  • $21,255
    fair price
    $544 above market
    • 64,542 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carget Motors (377 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 377 miles away from Columbia, SC

    The 2018 Audi Q7 is a premium luxury SUV that blends refined styling, advanced technology, and dynamic performance. With its sophisticated design, spa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF70JD037798
    Stock: 037798
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

    • 85,298 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Florida (265 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 265 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Carfax and Autocheck accident free.Window Grid Diversity Antenna, Wheels: 20" 10-Spoke-Star Design Bi-Color, Valet Function, Trunk/Hatch Auto-Latch, T...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAF78JD006159
    Stock: 19258
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

    • 72,491 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Charlotte (79 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 79 miles away from Columbia, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHAF73JD002068
    Stock: 2003728522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 21,305 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Louisville (381 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 381 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAF71JD048169
    Stock: 27008584
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 63,286 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Atlanta (196 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 196 miles away from Columbia, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHBF74JD012128
    Stock: 2003793686
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 77,412 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Atlanta (196 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 196 miles away from Columbia, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAF76JD003518
    Stock: 2003811072
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 120,371 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Honda of Columbia (9 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lexington, SC / 9 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAF73JD004917
    Stock: 4151060A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

    • 75,777 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Action Automotive (388 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 388 miles away from Columbia, SC

    ?? Audi Quattro Tiptronic – Orca Black Metallic 2.0L Turbo AWD 75K Miles Precision Performance, Elevated ??Experience the perfect blend of German ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHAF72JD000649
    Stock: P6144
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 34,676 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Birmingham (337 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 337 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AXAF7XLD010617
    Stock: 26534418
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 141,413 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Malcolm Cunningham Chevrolet Northpoint (188 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Alpharetta, GA / 188 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAF71JD005028
    Stock: 190618A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

    • 77,199 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Tampa (433 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 433 miles away from Columbia, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AJAF7XLD009825
    Stock: 2003762745
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,996
    great price
    $4,520 below market
    • 101,258 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Cars2us Of Fairfax (390 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 390 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHAF75HD056868
    Stock: CU6099
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $20,995
    great price
    $4,031 below market
    • 83,252 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • First Quality Auto (151 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 151 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CARFAX Top-Rated Dealer4.7 / 5.0113 Verified Reviews25Customer FavoritesCARFAX logoThis report provided free of charge by:First Quality Auto706 Edward...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAF73KD016924
    Stock: A8974
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-15-2025

    • 80,513 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Auction Direct USA (179 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 179 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Auction Direct is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle. This 2018 Audi Q7 3.0T Premium Plus quattro is the muscle o...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF7XJD027165
    Stock: AD00762
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 82,462 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • SKCO Automotive (480 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Mobile, AL / 480 miles away from Columbia, SC

    KBB.com 10 Most Awarded Brands. Scores 25 Highway MPG and 19 City MPG! This Audi Q7 boasts a Intercooled Supercharger Premium Unleaded V-6 3.0 L/183 e...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF78JD049147
    Stock: 049147
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 75,495 miles
    • Issue reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Scott Clark Toyota (72 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Matthews, NC / 72 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF78JD050279
    Stock: 61355A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 85,110 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Global Auto Outlet (398 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Temple Hills, MD / 398 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Estimated monthly payment and estimated total purchase price include the Maryland processing fee of $800 (not required by law). Taxes and additional f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LABF75JD034353
    Stock: 034353
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • $28,313
    great price
    $4,098 below market
    • 39,735 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Gravity Autos Jacksonville (262 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 262 miles away from Columbia, SC

    $5K+ IN OPTIONS! SAMURAL GRAY METALLIC, PREMIUM PLUS PACKAGE, 20'' WHEEL PACKAGE, AUDIBEAM-RINGS, LED HEADLIGHTS W/HIGHBEAM ASSIST, THREE-ZONE AUTOMAT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LJAF71MD029696
    Stock: 029696
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 1,485 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Audi Q7

Read recent reviews for the Audi Q7
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars31 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 31 reviews
  • 5 star
    (58%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (16%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
2 out of 5 stars

Buyer beware Update

Matt, 08/17/2019
2019 Audi Q7 3.0 TFSI Prestige quattro 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl S/C 8A)
It started with a crack in the windshield that wasn't caused by road debris. Not covered by Audi but I had glass insurance on my auto policy. Next came the GPS system getting lost. It took 12 days to fix due to parts. Then came warning lights coming on telling of steering malfunction and distance errors. That was caused by a loose wire to a sensor another few days in the shop. The latest … is a drivetrain warning that is real. The whole car started vibrating. It goes back on Monday. This is all in the space of less than 9 months. Really poor quality!!! It's been 6 months and there haven't been any additional problems so I'm upping my review to 3 stars. It is a nice vehicle but the original quality was very poor. One other note. If you are interested in a remote starter, forget Audi. Second update In the past year I've had 3 instances of losing power and a warning coming up that stated drive train malfunction. If I turned the car off and restarted it went away. Checking on the internet, I'm not alone regarding this problem and apparently Audi can't find it because it's gone when they look for it. I will be dumping this vehicle before my warranty expires. I'm done with Audi. Third update - water pump went after 34,000 miles. I was told that if it wasn't still under warranty, it would have cost me about $1,600.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Audi Q7 in Columbia, SC Values

Estimated values
2018 Audi Q7 3.0T Premium Plus quattro 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl S/C 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$14,914$17,598$19,807
Clean$14,551$17,160$19,303
Average$13,946$16,430$18,462
Rough$13,159$15,480$17,369

The average list price of a used 2018 Audi Q7 in Columbia, South Carolina is $22,833. The average mileage on a used Audi Q7 2018 for sale in Columbia, South Carolina is 79,229. Based on the average mileage of 79,229 for used 2018 Audi Q7 for sale in Columbia, SC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi Q7 2018 in Columbia, South Carolina to be $13,946.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.