Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
321 listings
  • Price Drop
    $25,990
    fair price
    $95 below market
    • 69,163 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,659 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF28KN107872
    Stock: 2003808017
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • $14,000
    good price
    $1,460 below market
    • 93,931 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoGiant USA (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 165 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Moonlight Blue 2017 Audi A6 2.0T Premium quattro quattro 2.0L 4-Cylinder TFSI 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic*LOCAL HOME DELIVERY AVAILABLE!*, quattr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUF8AFCXHN074113
    Stock: K074113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • $20,595
    fair price
    $1,157 below market
    • 82,575 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Northeast Auto Gallery (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bedford, OH / 126 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Vehicle Overview WELCOME TO NORTHEAST AUTO GALLERY, YOUR RELIABLE SOURCE FOR CLEAN, SERVICED, AUTOCHECK CERTIFIED VEHICLES! LOW RATE FINANCING WITH IN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUD8AF22KN124461
    Stock: 4461
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 54,427 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,138 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUD8AF27KN125489
    Stock: 2003804916
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,998
    good price
    $1,333 below market
    • 32,369 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Covington, LA / 769 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF25KN031608
    Stock: 26951538
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $27,998
    fair price
    $622 below market
    • 43,170 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 305 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF25KN111782
    Stock: 27499262
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $35,500
    fair price
    $311 above market
    • 9,060 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Indianapolis (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 163 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Fully Inspected and Serviced, Audi Active Lane Assist w/Emergency Assist, Audi Adaptive Cruise Assist, Bang Olufsen 3D Premium Sound System, Contrast ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUE3AF25MN063807
    Stock: AIP063807
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,204 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,127 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF28KN097635
    Stock: 27578240
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $29,590
    fair price
    $197 below market
    • 43,820 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 850 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF22KN026964
    Stock: 2003872441
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,998
    good price
    $2,111 below market
    • 43,348 miles
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Palmdale, CA / 1,953 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF27KN023512
    Stock: 27561421
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $29,499
    fair price
    $28 below market
    • 48,621 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (187 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Waterford, MI / 187 miles away from Columbus, OH

    High Demand,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Departure War...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUE3AF26MN103084
    Stock: MN103084P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,999
    fair price
    $256 above market
    • 99,010 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (174 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Farmington Hills, MI / 174 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof,Turb...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUG8AFC1HN118469
    Stock: HN118469A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $30,998
    fair price
    $574 above market
    • 22,014 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 1,956 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUK2BF2XKN111908
    Stock: 27504388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,596
    fair price
    $160 below market
    • 107,091 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Curry Buick Chevrolet GMC (193 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, IN / 193 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Brown Metallic 2017 Audi A6 3.0T Prestige quattro quattro 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.0L V6 Turbocharged DOHC 24V LEV3-ULEV125 333hpquattro, At...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUH2AFC7HN025168
    Stock: 250775A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,495
    fair price
    $844 below market
    • 71,896 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • R21 Motorsports (98 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Canal Fulton, OH / 98 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Make sure to ask us about our super simple financing process! We offer awesome extended service contracts, nationwide shipping and even remote purchas...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUF3AFC4HN043955
    Stock: D1593
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $22,995
    fair price
    $436 above market
    • 74,988 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Kelly's Auto Sales (101 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Canton, OH / 101 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUD8AF20KN118254
    Stock: 118254
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,998
    fair price
    $801 above market
    • 36,037 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Canoga Park, CA / 1,987 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUD8AF24KN127717
    Stock: 27594833
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 29,819 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 1,940 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF25KN024660
    Stock: 27536918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $24,000
    good price
    $1,297 below market
    • 53,792 miles
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carmel Auto Gallery (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Carmel, IN / 165 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Clean CARFAX.Beige Metallic 2019 Audi A6 3.0T Premium quattro quattro 7-Speed Automatic 3.0L V6 Turbocharged DOHC 24V LEV3-ULEV70 335hpNavigation Syst...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUK2AF28KN094777
    Stock: F94777
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $26,590
    fair price
    $83 above market
    • 66,321 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 349 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF20KN025814
    Stock: 2003859475
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,998
    fair price
    $180 below market
    • 46,246 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 435 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUL2AF2XKN023343
    Stock: 27128584
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 321 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Audi A6

Read recent reviews for the Audi A6
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars33 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 33 reviews
  • 5 star
    (64%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
5 out of 5 stars

2019 A6 is fun to drive: 1 year update

Mr. Mike, 04/14/2019
2019 Audi A6 3.0 TFSI Premium Plus quattro 4dr Sedan AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric hybrid 7AM)
I wanted to update the review of my 2019 A6 premium plus with the 3.0L engine, sports suspension and adaptive cruise technology. The car remains the most fun to drive vehicle I’ve ever owned. The new MMI that appeared radical a year ago is now so familiar. I love the ability to toggle and change info on the screens. I couldn’t imagine going back to the old push knob that seems archaic … without a touch screen. Engine acceleration in sports mode is phenomenal. Maybe a bit of lag in automatic mode at low rev but not a big issue for me. Handling is superb and the cabin is very quiet, except for an annoying rattle from the rear sun shades that I would not order again. With snow conditions, the car handled beautifully even with streets that were not plowed well. FYI, my Pirelli P Zero tires performed well but only gave me 18K miles.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Audi A6 in Columbus, OH Values

Estimated values
2019 Audi A6 3.0 TFSI Premium Plus quattro 4dr Sedan AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$21,337$24,592$27,506
Clean$20,721$23,854$26,650
Average$19,693$22,623$25,223
Rough$18,357$21,024$23,367

The average list price of a used 2019 Audi A6 in Columbus, Ohio is $25,801. The average mileage on a used Audi A6 2019 for sale in Columbus, Ohio is 56,138. Based on the average mileage of 56,138 for used 2019 Audi A6 for sale in Columbus, OH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi A6 2019 in Columbus, Ohio to be $19,693.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.