Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
154 listings
    • 85,283 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cargill Chevrolet (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Putnam, CT / 25 miles away from Worcester, MA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKLXNR207114
    Stock: CT1881A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 22,089 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Herb Chambers Cadillac of Warwick (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Warwick, RI / 42 miles away from Worcester, MA

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who inspect the t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL7RR157740
    Stock: CP27073
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-10-2025

    • 144,211 miles
    • Issue reported, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Choice Auto Center (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Shrewsbury, MA / 4 miles away from Worcester, MA

    WHOLESALE! PLEASE READ DESCRIPTION! THIS ESCALADE HAS A MILEAGE DISCREPANCY! IT IS BEING SOLD AS TMU WHICH IS TRUE MILEAGE UNKOWN! PLEASE VIEW THE CAR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HEF8ER234800
    Stock: C4756A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2022

    • 68,858 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Killeen, TX / 1,621 miles away from Worcester, MA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,High Demand,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Lift...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4PKL9NR178418
    Stock: NR178418A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 41,185 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Colonial Cadillac of Woburn (35 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Woburn, MA / 35 miles away from Worcester, MA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKT5RR189984
    Stock: F334699A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-31-2025

    • 66,488 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • High Line Auto Sales (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salem, NH / 45 miles away from Worcester, MA

    ** NICELY EQUIPPED ESV PREMIUM LUXURY! - PERFORMANCE PKG - TOURING PKG - SUPERCRUISE - POWER ASSIST STEPS NO OPEN RECALLS - PASSED ENGINE INSPECTI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4LKL3NR193294
    Stock: 193294
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 11,218 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Colonial Cadillac of Woburn (35 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woburn, MA / 35 miles away from Worcester, MA

    : Highlights of this 2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV include: GREAT MILES 11,218! Heated Leather Seats, 3rd Row Seat, Sunroof, NAV, 4x4, Panoramic Roof, Al...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL2RR205919
    Stock: P4194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-19-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 37,285 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Herb Chambers Cadillac of Warwick (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Warwick, RI / 42 miles away from Worcester, MA

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who inspect the t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL9RR104739
    Stock: CP27084
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2025

    • 71,171 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac of Norwood (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 32 miles away from Worcester, MA

    NA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL4NR336918
    Stock: P3626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 37,073 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to MA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clermont, FL / 1,097 miles away from Worcester, MA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL8NR319264
    Stock: 27892049
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 37,008 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Newport (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Middletown, RI / 57 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Recent Arrival! 2022 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Black RavenCARFAX One-Owner. 4WD, Original MSRP $96,960, Adaptive Cruise Control, AKG Studio 19-Spe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL8NR287438
    Stock: CP12312
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-06-2025

  • $54,900
    great price
    $3,854 below market
    • 68,260 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Nucar Chevrolet of Norwood (31 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 31 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Heated Seats, NAV, 3rd Row Seat, Back-Up Camera, Heated Rear Seat, Rear Air, Power Liftgate, Quad Seats, 4x4, Tow Hitch, WINDOW CONTROL, ALL WINDOWS, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL9PR472918
    Stock: N1200134A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $119,998
    good price
    $9,225 below market
    • 17,931 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac of Norwood (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 32 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Hand built 6.2L Supercharged V8 packing 682 horsepower! While cruising, the system exhales with loud crackles and pops when you suddenly let off the a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SK92PR474200
    Stock: 25218A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • $117,995
    fair price
    $6,065 below market
    • 17,138 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Blasius Cadillac (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 79 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Argent Silver Metallic 2023 Cadillac Escalade ESV V-Series AWD 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 6.2L V8 Supercharged HEATED LEATHER SEATS, PANORAMIC ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SK95PR412404
    Stock: 6113A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2025

  • $118,999
    fair price
    $5,139 below market
    • 17,657 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Blasius Cadillac (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 79 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Crystal White Tricoat 2023 Cadillac Escalade ESV V-Series AWD 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 6.2L V8 Supercharged HEATED LEATHER SEATS, PANORAMIC R...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SK96PR307161
    Stock: 6122A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 55,542 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Old Bridge, NJ / 185 miles away from Worcester, MA

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Entertainment System,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Sea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4MKL0PR104791
    Stock: AHP9580
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $77,394
    fair price
    $2,763 below market
    • 27,010 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Hoffman Audi of New London (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in New London, CT / 64 miles away from Worcester, MA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4PKL4PR562223
    Stock: 456233044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2025

  • $76,898
    good price
    $3,332 below market
    • 42,638 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Blasius Cadillac (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 79 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Black Raven 2023 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum AWD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 HEATED LEATHER SEATS, PANORAMIC ROOF, NAVIGATION SYSTEM/GPS, BACK...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL8PR482175
    Stock: 6143A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

  • $132,979
    fair price
    $1,296 below market
    • 3,559 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac of Norwood (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 32 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Former Corporate vehicle, clean CARFAX and barely driven! 6.2L Supercharged V8 V Series Exclusive with semi-aniline leather in all three rows and opti...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SK95PR100213
    Stock: P3611
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

  • $69,678
    good price
    $2,774 below market
    • 36,807 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of Old Saybrook (73 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Old Saybrook, CT / 73 miles away from Worcester, MA

    PREMIUM LUXURY!!, Escalade ESV Premium, 4D Sport Utility, 6.2L V8, 10-Speed Automatic, AWD, 16.9" Diagonal OLED Infotainment Screen, 19 Speakers, 2-Pr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL8PR272974
    Stock: V32797
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2024

  • $69,850
    good price
    $2,486 below market
    • 49,656 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac of Norwood (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 32 miles away from Worcester, MA

    Well maintained One Owner! Gorgeous Dark Emerald metallic over black 8-passenger with quite a few optional packages! RADIANT PACKAGE adding bright spo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4LKL1PR239465
    Stock: 25344A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

Showing 106 - 126 out of 154 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars29 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 29 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (7%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (34%)
5 out of 5 stars

My dream vehicle!

Cindy W., 01/28/2020
2018 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A)
If you're looking for a great ride, a ton of bells and whistles and a stylish vehicle, you're going to love owning an Escalade. This SUV has everything, hiding spots for your belongings, USB ports everywhere, 120v plugin, a ton of Bose speakers and so much more. The camera system is amazing! When I flip up my rear view mirror I see traffic behind me. When I pull into my garage I … still get the 360 view to make sure that I'm over enough and in far enough. My only issue, and this is a me issue is that this is sooo much bigger than the Tahoe I came from. This one is a beast ;o) so I'm having problems pulling into parking spots still, but with time, I'm sure that I'll nail it.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Worcester, MA Values

Estimated values
2022 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$61,758$66,465$71,375
Clean$60,935$65,545$70,348
Average$59,563$64,010$68,638
Rough$57,781$62,016$66,414

The average list price of a used 2022 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Worcester, Massachusetts is $80,534. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2022 for sale in Worcester, Massachusetts is 45,622. Based on the average mileage of 45,622 for used 2022 Cadillac Escalade ESV for sale in Worcester, MA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2022 in Worcester, Massachusetts to be $59,563.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.