Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,362 listings
    • 33,103 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Texas Stadium (Irving) (291 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 291 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H01PL019777
    Stock: 27494595
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 33,718 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Vandergriff Acura (281 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 281 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Recent Arrival! 2023 Acura MDX Technology Certified. Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. NAVIGATION/NAVI/GPS, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, Leather seats, Alloy Wheel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H49PL006411
    Stock: PL006411A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

    • 29,684 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Gillman Acura (451 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 451 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H43RL001630
    Stock: A81380A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $47,990
    fair price
    $187 above market
    • 1,311 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Fisher Acura (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boulder, CO / 482 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Discover the 2025 Acura MDX Base SH-AWD at Fisher Auto in Boulder, CO!Looking for a luxury SUV that combines power, sophistication, and versatility? L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H30SL022835
    Stock: 257715
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $47,990
    fair price
    $269 above market
    • 2,017 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Fisher Acura (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boulder, CO / 482 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Drive in Style and Comfort with the 2025 Acura MDX Base SH-AWD at Fisher Auto in Boulder, Colorado.Looking for a luxury SUV that offers exceptional pe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H38SL025031
    Stock: 257730
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $61,990
    fair price
    $1,019 above market
    • 2,687 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Fisher Acura (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boulder, CO / 482 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Discover the 2025 Acura MDX Advance Package SH-AWD at Fisher Auto in Boulder, ColoradoAre you ready to experience luxury, performance, and cutting-edg...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H8XSL021087
    Stock: 257688
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

    • 42,730 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota of North Austin (329 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 329 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    GREAT MILES 42,730! Liquid Carbon Metallic exterior and Ebony interior, w/A-Spec Package trim. FUEL EFFICIENT 25 MPG Hwy/19 MPG City! Heated Leather S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H08NL044334
    Stock: NL044334
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

    • 33,000 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Team Gillman Chevrolet (459 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 459 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Platinum White Pearl 2024 Acura MDX Technology FWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V Let us know if you would like a personal video of this c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H43RL000977
    Stock: V250412A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

    • 55,603 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Honda Lewisville (284 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lewisville, TX / 284 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Panoramic RoofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerHeads-Up DisplayCooled Front Seat(S)Thi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H87PL018123
    Stock: PL018123
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • $38,998
    fair price
    $603 above market
    • 58,254 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Car Store USA (384 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 384 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. THIS VEHICLE IS EQUIPPED WITH THE FOLLOWING FEATURES AND OPTIONS 16 Speakers, 3rd row seats: split-bench, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4.17 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H01NL032168
    Stock: 15976
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-27-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 150,264 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Honda Cars of McKinney (302 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in McKinney, TX / 302 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Spotless. w/Advance Pkg trim. Heated Leather Seats, Sunroof, NAV, 3rd Row Seat, Alloy Wheels, Quad Seats, All Wheel Drive, Power Liftgate, Local Trade...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H86JL012017
    Stock: T10272B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

    • 50,820 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Vandergriff Acura (281 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 281 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    2022 Acura MDX Advance SH-AWD Certified. Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. NAVIGATION/NAVI/GPS, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, Leather seats, Alloy Wheels, Heated Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H8XNL050285
    Stock: NL050285A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • $38,998
    fair price
    $711 above market
    • 43,903 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Tulsa (379 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tulsa, OK / 379 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H41NL047286
    Stock: 27367975
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 5,400 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Gillman Acura (451 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 451 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title information not provided

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H49SL000035
    Stock: A251380A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-11-2024

  • $31,499
    fair price
    $899 above market
    • 91,392 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Bob Penkhus Volvo Cars (398 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 398 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Our One Owner 2022 Acura MDX SH-AWD blends performance, technology, and a terrific Platinum White Pearl design. Powered by a 3.5 Liter V6 providing 29...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H36NL043175
    Stock: 25V97A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $40,998
    fair price
    $89 above market
    • 51,843 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Wichita (385 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 385 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H80NL034225
    Stock: 27480183
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 49,890 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Bayway Cadillac of the Woodlands (441 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in The Woodlands, TX / 441 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Gray 2024 Acura MDX Technology FWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V Leather.THIS VEHICLE INCLUDES THE FOLL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H40RL000922
    Stock: CP5842
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 60,196 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Gulf Freeway (477 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 477 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H81NL021435
    Stock: 27163626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 57,536 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Gillman Honda of Fort Bend (454 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rosenberg, TX / 454 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    FREE LIFETIME ENGINE WARRANTY!!!! WHY TEAM GILLMAN Our award-winning, factory-trained technicians perform a meticulous 150- point reliability inspecti...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H08NL048237
    Stock: R260026A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

    • 49,798 miles
    • Water damage reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Autovana (453 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Humble, TX / 453 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H52JL005811
    Stock: 005811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 9,965 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Acura of Wichita (387 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 387 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    2023 Acura MDX Type S w/Advance Package, located at Acura of Wichita. Original MSRP $74,395. Lunar Silver Metallic with Azurite Leather interior. Acur...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD8H87PL004170
    Stock: 51A1093P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

Showing 715 - 735 out of 1,362 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Acura MDX

Read recent reviews for the Acura MDX
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars77 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 77 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
3.88 out of 5 stars

MDX torque converter failures

curious52, 03/29/2012
2010 Acura MDX Technology Package 4dr SUV AWD (3.7L 6cyl 6A)
There are many, many MDX owners out there who have experienced torque converter failures over the years from 2002 up to 2010. For newer models there has JUST been a recall, within the last month. New software needs to be installed by the dealer. Be sure to ask if this recall applies to your car. My TC was replaced two months ago in my 2010 vehicle. I find it interesting that only now … has Acura accepted the fact that a general problem has existed across many years of the MDX production. This damages my long-time positive feelings about Acura automobiles.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Acura MDX in Lubbock, TX Values

Estimated values
2023 Acura MDX 4dr SUV AWD w/A-Spec Package (3.5L 6cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$36,149$37,673$39,388
Clean$35,742$37,219$38,882
Average$35,063$36,461$38,038
Rough$34,181$35,477$36,940

The average list price of a used 2023 Acura MDX in Lubbock, Texas is $41,997. The average mileage on a used Acura MDX 2023 for sale in Lubbock, Texas is 43,482. Based on the average mileage of 43,482 for used 2023 Acura MDX for sale in Lubbock, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Acura MDX 2023 in Lubbock, Texas to be $35,063.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.