Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
91 listings
  • $44,990
    good price
    $5,202 below market
    • 32,553 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,950 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DV5RW6M0134138
    Stock: 2003888314
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • $30,590
    good price
    $881 below market
    • 39,089 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 2,163 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RK0M0117306
    Stock: 2003823747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $43,590
    fair price
    $125 below market
    • 19,954 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 396 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DR5RW8M0146814
    Stock: 2003868752
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,998
    good price
    $1,188 below market
    • 42,257 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from PA to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 2,419 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DX5RKXM0129354
    Stock: 27379666
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $38,990
    fair price
    $750 above market
    • 2,847 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 2,163 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RW2M0146504
    Stock: 2003933968
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

    • 12,457 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Pleasanton (70 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Pleasanton, CA / 70 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    Non Smoker, Clean Carfax, CT5 V-Series, Argent Silver Metallic, Jet Black With Jet Black Accents, 15 Speakers, 3 USB Ports, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS b...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DR5RW7P0114425
    Stock: 43039A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-22-2025

  • $28,499
    fair price
    $420 above market
    • 51,272 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac Of South San Francisco (56 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Colma, CA / 56 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    This 2023 Argent Silver Metallic Cadillac CT5 Premium Luxury RWD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits: Climate Package (Driver 4-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DN5RK0P0145346
    Stock: 23CAD1010U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $42,998
    fair price
    $3,003 above market
    • 32,393 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 2,415 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DR5RW8M0144173
    Stock: 27605669
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $31,990
    fair price
    $1,189 above market
    • 35,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 2,046 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RK0M0114423
    Stock: 2003910706
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,998
    fair price
    $31 below market
    • 36,985 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OH to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Carrollton, OH / 2,053 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RK5M0117091
    Stock: 27087026
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 42,973 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 1,827 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DN5RW8M0145447
    Stock: 27104282
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $32,990
    fair price
    $81 below market
    • 65,635 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 2,113 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RW3M0111700
    Stock: 2003892251
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • $33,998
    fair price
    $1,686 above market
    • 17,285 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Newport News, VA / 2,498 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RK4M0143858
    Stock: 27366324
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 17,822 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Sacramento (73 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 73 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 3794 miles below market average!**1 PREVIOUS OWNER**, **CLEAN CARFAX: NO ACCIDENTS**, **WELL MAINTAINED VEHICLE**, **PREMI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DP5RK5P0114345
    Stock: 0114345P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 29,745 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 2,432 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DM5RK0M0135415
    Stock: 2003907477
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • New Listing
    • 25,843 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 2,113 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RW0M0105806
    Stock: 2003933242
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 27,769 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Putnam Ford (65 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Burlingame, CA / 65 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    This vehicle won't be on the lot long! If you like to drive, you're going to love this car! A turbocharger further enhances performance, while also pr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DR5RW1P0146772
    Stock: X10573A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

    • 29,637 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 2,419 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DR5RW9M0128015
    Stock: 2003917657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

    • 39,764 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,818 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DX5RK0M0109226
    Stock: 2003946524
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • New Listing
    $33,990
    great price
    $6,835 below market
    • 26,825 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 396 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DU5RK0L0123425
    Stock: 2003907984
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $1,532 above market
    • 20,793 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 2,161 miles away from Santa Rosa, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DN5RK1M0144802
    Stock: 27662393
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 91 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac CT5

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac CT5
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars28 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 28 reviews
  • 5 star
    (54%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (18%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (11%)
2 out of 5 stars

CT5-V 27,000KM engine replaced

RBM, 01/24/2023
2021 Cadillac CT5 V 4dr Sedan (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 10A)
From Toronto very disappointed. Dealers service snd care excellent. Car 27,000 km in two years. GM authorized a new engine install, In 24 mo nine OnStar notices engine transmission. Defective actuator. Tore down engine Jan 2023 at dealer and found metal filings or metal fatigue in engine! I started a case with Cadillac Care GM Canada. No lemon law here. I asked fir a new car. No idea … when new engine will arrive. OMG
Report abuse

Used 2021 Cadillac CT5 in Santa Rosa, CA Values

Estimated values
2021 Cadillac CT5 V 4dr Sedan (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$32,185$34,826$37,490
Clean$31,503$34,027$36,564
Average$30,366$32,695$35,022
Rough$28,889$30,964$33,018

The average list price of a used 2021 Cadillac CT5 in Santa Rosa, California is $36,430. The average mileage on a used Cadillac CT5 2021 for sale in Santa Rosa, California is 30,900. Based on the average mileage of 30,900 for used 2021 Cadillac CT5 for sale in Santa Rosa, CA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac CT5 2021 in Santa Rosa, California to be $30,366.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.