Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
62 listings
  • New Listing
    • 21,688 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,423 miles away from Stockton, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DL5RP5P0411042
    Stock: 2003623205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • $32,791
    good price
    $2,561 below market
    • 16,631 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 2,018 miles away from Stockton, CA

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heads-Up Display,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DG5RK0P0118545
    Stock: P0118545TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • New Listing
    • 56,608 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,435 miles away from Stockton, CA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK9P0128764
    Stock: 7W88B9
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

    • 33,118 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,423 miles away from Stockton, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK2P0119517
    Stock: 2003706739
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $56,781
    fair price
    $1,648 above market
    • 20,468 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Roseville Kia (54 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 54 miles away from Stockton, CA

    Roseville Kia proudly offers this Cadillac CT4 to our customers with the option of Home Delivery and Home Test Drives. Inquire for details. 16/24 City...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DL5RP0P0410168
    Stock: R52611
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,990
    fair price
    $915 above market
    • 53,327 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in New York City, NY / 2,506 miles away from Stockton, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK6P0125496
    Stock: 2003718758
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,998
    fair price
    $691 above market
    • 44,432 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 1,898 miles away from Stockton, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK6P0134960
    Stock: 27316146
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 2,616 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Dublin Kia (36 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dublin, CA / 36 miles away from Stockton, CA

    PREVIOUS DAILY RENTAL, PRICES INCLUDE MANUFACTURE REBATES, CHECK WITH DEALER. Backup Camera, Android Auto/Apple Car Play, Alloy Wheels, Audio Package,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK4S0112383
    Stock: R66805
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 41,222 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 2,456 miles away from Stockton, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK6P0127927
    Stock: 2003713872
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 5,053 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Dublin Kia (36 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dublin, CA / 36 miles away from Stockton, CA

    Backup Camera, Bluetooth®, Alloy Wheels, Audio Package, Climate Package, Comfort Package, Heat Package, Leather Seats, Light Package, NON SMOKER, One ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title information not provided

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DH5RL1S0108976
    Stock: C3583GX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 10,437 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Ken Fowler Mazda (130 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ukiah, CA / 130 miles away from Stockton, CA

    Summit White 2023 Cadillac CT4 V-Series RWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 15 Speakers, 18 Aluminum Alloy Wheels, 2-Way Adjustable Front Head Restraints, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DL5RP3P0410813
    Stock: 223080
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-28-2024

    • 13,584 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Muscle Motors Auto Sales (131 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 131 miles away from Stockton, CA

    10-Speed Automatic, 2.7L Turbocharged 4 Cylinder, All Wheel Drive, Technology Package($1,350), Climate Package($1,200), Power Sunroof($1,050), Heated/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DH5RL6P0127739
    Stock: 6041
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-16-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 440 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Corwin Buick GMC Reno (135 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 135 miles away from Stockton, CA

    CT4 Luxury, 2.0L Turbocharged, 8-Speed Automatic, AWD, Crystal White Tricoat, Jet Black With Jet Black Accents, Black Grille (LPO), Black Mirror Caps ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DK5RK5S0108519
    Stock: 2108519
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 15,715 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,755 miles away from Stockton, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DL5RP0P0210004
    Stock: 2003667742
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 27,551 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Ann Arbor, MI / 1,986 miles away from Stockton, CA

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Turbo/Supercharged,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DE5RK1P0110895
    Stock: P0110895A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $32,998
    fair price
    $814 above market
    • 36,255 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 1,786 miles away from Stockton, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DG5RKXP0115376
    Stock: 26995863
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 36,322 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,423 miles away from Stockton, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DC5RKXP0115163
    Stock: 2003730231
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

    • 47,495 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,423 miles away from Stockton, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK6P0123148
    Stock: 2003710519
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • New Listing
    $61,998
    great price
    $9,110 below market
    • 16,148 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charleston, SC / 2,333 miles away from Stockton, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6D65RP9R0460030
    Stock: 27137953
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $33,997
    good price
    $3,668 below market
    • 16,062 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 2,018 miles away from Stockton, CA

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Remote S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DF5RK5R0110687
    Stock: R0110687TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $31,700
    good price
    $3,082 below market
    • 37,956 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Gold Rush Subaru (66 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Auburn, CA / 66 miles away from Stockton, CA

    2024 Cadillac CT4 Premium Luxury Type your sentence here.Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!CARFAX One-Owner.Clean CARFAX.22/32 City/Highway MPGwww....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DB5RK4R0113530
    Stock: 11554U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 62 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac CT4

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac CT4
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars15 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 15 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (20%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Luxury and Sport Combined

Jscheu, 12/05/2020
2020 Cadillac CT4 Premium Luxury 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
My All Wheel drive Premium Luxury CT4 surprised me by how well it handles on the road, both straight way and especially curves. In a 6 inch snow this past week, I actually felt safer the way it hugged the road and handled than my 4 wheel drive truck.Safety features galore.Even though there is not much room in back for passengers, by moving the front seats up.some provided enough leg … room. The 4 cylinder is surprisingly spiffy and also gets over 30 mpg on the road.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Cadillac CT4 in Stockton, CA Values

Estimated values
2023 Cadillac CT4 V Blackwing 4dr Sedan (3.6L 6cyl Turbo 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$42,228$44,731$47,549
Clean$41,788$44,166$46,846
Average$41,055$43,226$45,675
Rough$40,102$42,004$44,152

The average list price of a used 2023 Cadillac CT4 in Stockton, California is $40,363. The average mileage on a used Cadillac CT4 2023 for sale in Stockton, California is 26,339. Based on the average mileage of 26,339 for used 2023 Cadillac CT4 for sale in Stockton, CA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac CT4 2023 in Stockton, California to be $41,055.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.