Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
230 listings

Save with MINI Hardtop 2 Door rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

    • 72,985 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to ID*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in McKinney, TX / 1,279 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C56K2H96033
    Stock: 27254573
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 37,978 miles
    • 110 mi range
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,760 miles away from Kuna, ID

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP3C08M2N52876
    Stock: 2003983453
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2025

    • 79,694 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Sacramento South (434 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 434 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C56H3B94120
    Stock: 27680031
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 49,974 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,968 miles away from Kuna, ID

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C56K2C62980
    Stock: 2003976663
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

    • 54,936 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 511 miles away from Kuna, ID

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C52K2H60643
    Stock: 2003827391
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-04-2025

  • $26,998
    great price
    $3,879 below market
    • 22,513 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to ID*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tallahassee, FL / 1,967 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW73DH09N2R21143
    Stock: 26859536
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 89,265 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Del Toro Auto Sales (388 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Auburn, WA / 388 miles away from Kuna, ID

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C59K2H97869
    Stock: 5805
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 70,083 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Steve Hahn's Kia (293 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Yakima, WA / 293 miles away from Kuna, ID

    Recent Arrival! British Racing Green Metallic 2019 MINI Cooper S 2.0L 16V TwinPower Turbo 6-Speed Automatic FWD 2D Hatchback 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Sp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C50K2A51726
    Stock: 2351726P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-17-2025

    • 12,731 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (344 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 344 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,Sunr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW73DH05R2U53062
    Stock: R2U53062T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $20,995
    good price
    $2,471 below market
    • 22,291 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 96 - 99 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Murray (302 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Murray, UT / 302 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CARFAX One-Owner. Island Blue Metallic 2022 MINI Cooper SE Electric FWD 1-Speed Automatic Electric MotorRecent Arrival! 119/100 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ00N2P63646
    Stock: P14940
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2025

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $22,990
    fair price
    $396 above market
    • 13,540 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 96 - 99 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 724 miles away from Kuna, ID

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ03N2P64029
    Stock: 2003857047
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2025

  • $19,988
    good price
    $1,324 below market
    • 20,525 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 96 - 99 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Honda of Seattle (403 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Seattle, WA / 403 miles away from Kuna, ID

    Clean CARFAX. Honda of Seattle is pleased to offer this vehicle with. Backup Camera, Navigation System, Bluetooth, Complete Interior & Exterior Auto D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ09N2R00048
    Stock: 257643A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-30-2025

  • $22,998
    fair price
    $748 below market
    • 19,637 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to ID*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Hillside, IL / 1,445 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DH06N2P74875
    Stock: 27502128
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,590
    fair price
    $744 below market
    • 22,068 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 96 - 99 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 1,727 miles away from Kuna, ID

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ09N2R93413
    Stock: 2003991470
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-27-2025

  • $20,990
    fair price
    $257 below market
    • 30,955 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 97 - 100 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,672 miles away from Kuna, ID

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ04N2S27878
    Stock: 2003883374
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • $15,994
    fair price
    $946 below market
    • 43,112 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Manic Motors Tracy (475 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Tracy, CA / 475 miles away from Kuna, ID

    DISCLAIMER:!! ATTENTION !! MESSAGE FROM THE OWNER OF MANIC MOTORS !! I MAKE SURE NOT TO HIRE JACK ASS SALES STAFF; IF FOR SOME REASON YOU FEEL LIKE YO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C53J2A47085
    Stock: A47085P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,998
    good price
    $2,162 below market
    • 63,021 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to ID*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Columbus, GA / 1,857 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C53J2A48222
    Stock: 27306572
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 83,439 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to ID*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Amarillo, TX / 961 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW33DH07N2R73143
    Stock: 26485844
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,998
    fair price
    $28 below market
    • 49,019 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to ID*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Burbank, CA / 651 miles away from Kuna, ID

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C58J2A48622
    Stock: 27738104
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV RebatesCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a rebate. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $19,990
    fair price
    $200 below market
    • 37,481 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 96 - 99 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,968 miles away from Kuna, ID

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW13DJ01N2R70806
    Stock: 2003856216
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • $23,875
    fair price
    $14 above market
    • 9,932 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Bill Pearce BMW (330 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 330 miles away from Kuna, ID

    New Price! White Silver 2022 MINI Cooper S Signature FWD 7-Speed Automatic 2.0L 16V TwinPower Turbo Active Driving Assistant, Black All Weather Floor ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMW53DH03N2S28205
    Stock: 3184501
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

Showing 106 - 126 out of 230 listings

Consumer Reviews for the MINI Hardtop 2 Door

Read recent reviews for the MINI Hardtop 2 Door
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars24 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 24 reviews
  • 5 star
    (79%)
  • 4 star
    (8%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (8%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
2 out of 5 stars

Fun but with faulty electronics and rattles galore

Aiden L, 09/24/2020
2020 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper S 2dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM)
Second 2dr S I’ve had (other was a 2013). While the iconic package looks great, the electronics were quite faulty; I was unable to use Apple CarPlay for the first four months of ownership, and I’ve had a variety of issues with the speakers. In addition, there are so many things that rattle, likes the HUD, something in the dash, in the trunk area, etc. I wanted to be a Mini guy, but the … poor quality vehicles (and even worse maintenance teams) make it very very difficult to consider. I’ve had the car 9 months, have driven less than 5k mi, and have taken it in for service more than five times already.
Report abuse

Used 2019 MINI Hardtop 2 Door in Kuna, ID Values

Estimated values
2019 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper 2dr Hatchback (1.5L 3cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$12,143$14,605$16,814
Clean$11,814$14,185$16,304
Average$11,265$13,485$15,454
Rough$10,551$12,576$14,350

The average list price of a used 2019 MINI Hardtop 2 Door in Kuna, Idaho is $20,935. The average mileage on a used MINI Hardtop 2 Door 2019 for sale in Kuna, Idaho is 43,104. Based on the average mileage of 43,104 for used 2019 MINI Hardtop 2 Door for sale in Kuna, ID and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used MINI Hardtop 2 Door 2019 in Kuna, Idaho to be $11,265.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.