Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
874 listings
  • $27,998
    fair price
    $82 below market
    • 41,936 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 1,006 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS1MZ113743
    Stock: 27659962
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $30,998
    fair price
    $527 below market
    • 39,394 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • S&E Auto Sales (120 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in East Weymouth, MA / 120 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Satin Steel Metallic 2021 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury AWDCARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.*PURCHASE WITH PEACE OF MIND. Most of our vehicles are still c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS2MZ121811
    Stock: C121811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • $17,995
    good price
    $619 below market
    • 85,671 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Trader Wholesale (68 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Saddle Brook, NJ / 68 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Looking for a Luxury Vehicle? Welcome to Auto Trader Wholesale where luxury meets affordability! We provide top-quality vehicles at wholesale prices ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS9KZ268513
    Stock: 268513
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-18-2024

  • New Listing
    $33,490
    good price
    $1,202 below market
    • 24,184 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Holman Cadillac (143 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mount Laurel, NJ / 143 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CARFAX One-Owner.This Vehicle has the balance of the manufacturers warranty, see sales associate for details. Premium Luxury AWD Odometer is 2916 mi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDR42PZ139327
    Stock: PZ139327
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2025

  • $29,895
    good price
    $2,105 below market
    • 34,601 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Bergey's Cadillac (151 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plymouth Meeting, PA / 151 miles away from New Haven, CT

    NEW ARRIVAL!! SUPER CLEAN XT5 PREMIUM LUXURY W/ 34,000 MILES! ORIGINAL MSRP $51,340!!! SAVE THOUSANDS COMPARED TO A NEW XT5! TONS OF SAVINGS! ONLY ONE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS4MZ203114
    Stock: ECU2707
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,998
    fair price
    $298 below market
    • 51,463 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (92 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Eatontown, NJ / 92 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNGRS5PZ164707
    Stock: PZ164707P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $25,998
    good price
    $1,153 below market
    • 69,981 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to CT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 769 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1MZ209393
    Stock: 27589808
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $32,991
    fair price
    $129 below market
    • 37,655 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • R J Burne Cadillac (141 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Scranton, PA / 141 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRSXMZ199169
    Stock: 4036A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • $34,900
    fair price
    $121 above market
    • 18,572 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • BM MotorCars (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Linden, NJ / 85 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Fully Inspected and Detailed. Lowest market prices guaranteed, no hidden fees, excellent financing rates for every credit situation! Recent Arrival! C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS9PZ131174
    Stock: 131174C01
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

  • $36,899
    fair price
    $1,068 above market
    • 21,096 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Lucas Chevrolet (134 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lumberton, NJ / 134 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Free CarFax History report available on all inventory. Please email or call 609.288.7623 for availability. Recent Arrival!Odometer is 12827 miles b...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS0PZ214993
    Stock: 200944A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2025

  • $31,887
    fair price
    $806 below market
    • 15,901 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 534 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRSXMZ127060
    Stock: MZ127060TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $21,899
    fair price
    $636 below market
    • 36,520 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Ciocca Chevrolet Buick GMC (158 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Atlantic City, NJ / 158 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2019 Cadillac XT5 Base Harbor Blue Metallic FWD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 DI VVT3.20 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4-Wheel Independent Suspension, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNARS1KZ114943
    Stock: 194943
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,998
    good price
    $2,169 below market
    • 53,640 miles
    • 5 Seats
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Victorville, CA / 2,438 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS1MZ138562
    Stock: 27783586
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,995
    fair price
    $108 above market
    • 98,048 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Hanover (122 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hanover, MA / 122 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Heated Seats, Sunroof, NAV, Back-Up Camera, All Wheel Drive, Panoramic Roof, Alloy Wheels, DRIVER AWARENESS PACKAGE, ADVANCED SECURITY PACKAGE, AUDIO ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS3HZ103498
    Stock: HZ103498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-27-2025

  • $22,838
    fair price
    $43 above market
    • 91,444 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • Malouf Chevrolet (102 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 102 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 8 Speakers, All-Weather Floor Mats, All-Weather Integrated Cargo Liner (LPO), Automatic Dual-Zone Climate Control, Aut...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS9MZ174246
    Stock: 72626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,528
    good price
    $866 below market
    • 38,561 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Apple Honda (30 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Riverhead, NY / 30 miles away from New Haven, CT

    LOW MILES, ONE OWNER, AWD, Leather Interior, Moonroof, Rear Camera, Bluetooth, 181 Point Inspection, White Glove Detail, FULLY SERVICED.Premium Luxury...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS6MZ220535
    Stock: 44940
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-10-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $33,585
    fair price
    $158 below market
    • 27,741 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Paul Conte Cadillac (57 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freeport, NY / 57 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Recent Arrival! 2023 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury 4D Sport Utility Crystal White Tricoat Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCR45PZ115937
    Stock: U10268
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,970
    fair price
    $659 above market
    • 22,338 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Gold Coast Cadillac (93 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oakhurst, NJ / 93 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2023 Cadillac XT5 Argent Silver Metallic Premium Luxury

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCR43PZ117735
    Stock: C501A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2025

  • $17,495
    fair price
    $556 above market
    • 110,302 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Lewis Motor Sales (148 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brentwood, NH / 148 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Indulge all your senses with our 2019 Cadillac XT5 Luxury AWD Crossover presented in beautiful Crystal White Tricoat! Powered by a 3.6 Liter V6 that d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRSXKZ137221
    Stock: 137221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • $16,990
    good price
    $759 below market
    • 96,709 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Bomnin Chevrolet Buick GMC Nanuet (58 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Nanuet, NY / 58 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Recent Arrival! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 155 Amp Alternator, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Automatic Dual-Zone Climate Control, Body-Color ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS7KZ120540
    Stock: C120540A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

  • $21,250
    fair price
    $809 above market
    • 74,667 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Modern Auto Sales (122 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tyngsborough, MA / 122 miles away from New Haven, CT

    This 2019 Cadillac XT5 Luxury in Stellar Black Metallic looks and drives like new, fully through our Modern Certification Process and ready for it's n...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1KZ222545
    Stock: 170-25-387T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

Showing 232 - 252 out of 874 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac XT5

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac XT5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (52%)
  • 4 star
    (26%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

XT5 sport

XT5 sport , 09/02/2020
2020 Cadillac XT5 Sport 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 9A)
This is my second XT5 from 2017 . The adaptive suspension is great and the 20 inch tires make handling very easy beautiful vehicle fully loaded. I own this 2020 six months now with no issues.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Cadillac XT5 in New Haven, CT Values

Estimated values
2021 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV (3.6L 6cyl 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$22,911$24,727$26,544
Clean$22,553$24,334$26,116
Average$21,957$23,680$25,402
Rough$21,181$22,829$24,474

The average list price of a used 2021 Cadillac XT5 in New Haven, Connecticut is $27,362. The average mileage on a used Cadillac XT5 2021 for sale in New Haven, Connecticut is 51,925. Based on the average mileage of 51,925 for used 2021 Cadillac XT5 for sale in New Haven, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac XT5 2021 in New Haven, Connecticut to be $21,957.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.