Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
879 listings
  • $13,495
    great price
    $1,941 below market
    • 106,251 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Extreme Car Center Inc (123 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Detroit, MI / 123 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNARS6HZ149647
    Stock: 3042
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $30,000
    great price
    $3,062 below market
    • 40,306 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Roesch Ford (135 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bensenville, IL / 135 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    PANORAMIC MOONROOF, NAVIGATION, LEATHER SEATING, REMAINING FACTORY WARRANTY, CAR FAX ONE OWNER, CLEAN VEHICLE HISTORY, REARVIEW CAMERA!, APPLE CARPLAY...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCR45PZ123360
    Stock: P4155
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • $17,995
    great price
    $2,157 below market
    • 87,194 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Twins Auto Sales - Redford (123 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Redford, MI / 123 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNFRS4HZ173295
    Stock: 173295
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-16-2025

  • $18,995
    good price
    $1,626 below market
    • 43,140 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • OK Automart (57 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Lansing, MI / 57 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    FOR SALE: LOW, LOW MILEAGE 2017 CADILLAC XT5 - SUPER DUPER CLEAN, LUXURY AT ITS FINEST! THIS CARFAX-CERTIFIED, WELL-MAINTAINED BEAUTY COMES LOADED WIT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS8HZ112959
    Stock: 6772A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • $9,900
    good price
    $1,288 below market
    • 147,858 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Marsh Auto Sales LLC (110 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Ortonville, MI / 110 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    2017 Cadillac XT5 Luxury FWD! This Cadillac runs and drives great with 147,858 miles on a 3.6L V6 engine with an automatic transmission! $9,900 Stock ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS7HZ106893
    Stock: 19876
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $11,995
    good price
    $1,476 below market
    • 146,047 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Automania (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dearborn Heights, MI / 128 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    2017 CADILLAC XT5 ALL WHEEL DRIVE CLEAN CARFAX 1-OWNER VEHICLE HEATED & COOLED LEATHER SEATS HEATED STEERING WHEEL BACK UP CAMERA BLUETOOTH AUDIO NAVI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNERSXHZ222414
    Stock: 222414
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-11-2024

  • $13,997
    good price
    $1,620 below market
    • 103,409 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Randy Shirk's Northpointe Auto Sales (136 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Toledo, OH / 136 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS1HZ152087
    Stock: 13876
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-26-2024

  • $16,395
    good price
    $1,709 below market
    • 90,088 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Pap's Auto Sales (129 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 129 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS4HZ314144
    Stock: 314144
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,500
    good price
    $1,855 below market
    • 73,207 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Schafer Chevrolet (108 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pinconning, MI / 108 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    CONGRATULATIONS! Your search has found yourself this great deal from the best used car dealership. This Crystal White Tricoat 2017 Cadillac XT5 Platin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNFRS3HZ142524
    Stock: 40361
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2025

  • $10,997
    good price
    $928 below market
    • 159,012 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Father & Son Auto Sales (131 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dearborn, MI / 131 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    If you can SIGN, you can DRIVE! Bad Credit? No Credit? No Problem! We've got you covered. Get approved now. We finance all qualified buyers. $0 Down w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1HZ146253
    Stock: 146253
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • $29,314
    fair price
    $693 below market
    • 52,032 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • RubyCar - Atlanta (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 637 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRSXPZ134472
    Stock: 94118021
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,488
    good price
    $1,231 below market
    • 69,054 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Backhuus Auto Sales (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Howell, MI / 88 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Buckle up and get ready to elevate your driving experience with this stunning White 2017 Cadillac XT5! Powered by a robust 3.6L V6 engine, this luxuri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS5HZ124546
    Stock: 124546
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-23-2025

  • $40,911
    fair price
    $738 below market
    • 15,284 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Shaheen Cadillac (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lansing, MI / 57 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Certified. Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.2023 Cadillac XT5 Sport Argent Silver MetallicOdometer is 18407 miles below market average!Cadillac Certifie...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNGRS7PZ189804
    Stock: CP2651
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,495
    good price
    $2,047 below market
    • 31,101 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Napleton River Oaks Cadillac (133 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Calumet City, IL / 133 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Heated Seats, Premium Sound System, Back-Up Camera, Power Liftgate, Alloy Wheels, Turbo Charged, TRANSMISSION, 9-SPEED AUTOMATIC, ENGINE, 2.0L TURBO, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBR47PZ137643
    Stock: P4897
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,654
    fair price
    $108 below market
    • 10,925 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • McDonald Ford (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Freeland, MI / 88 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    WE DELIVER!!! 18 Multi-Spoke Alloy Wheels, 3.47 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4-Wheel Independent Suspension, 8 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Condition...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBR48PZ182607
    Stock: P8593
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

  • $16,295
    good price
    $891 below market
    • 91,952 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • 1st Choice Auto Sales (157 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Joliet, IL / 157 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    2017 Cadillac XT5 Luxury Sport - All Wheel Drive (AWD) - 3.6L 6 Cylinder Engine - 2 Keys - Remote Start - Moon Roof - Back Up Camera - Parking Sensors...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS3HZ223270
    Stock: 223270
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2024

  • $28,525
    good price
    $2,683 below market
    • 43,943 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • RubyCar - Las Vegas (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,633 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands of high-quality, single-owner ve...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS6PZ199755
    Stock: 53028220
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

  • $27,750
    good price
    $1,690 below market
    • 50,293 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • LaFontaine Buick GMC (101 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Highland Charter Township, MI / 101 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Stellar Black Metallic FWDHeated Seats, Leather Seats, Backup Camera, Keyless Start, Keyless Entry, Blind Spot Monitor, Push Button Start, Local Trade...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCR42PZ104118
    Stock: 5G100N
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    $35,120
    fair price
    $638 below market
    • 16,463 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Labadie Cadillac (99 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bay City, MI / 99 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Recent Arrival! 2023 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury Wilder Metallic CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Leather, Moonroof, Back Up Camera, Bluetooth, Heated ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS2PZ123072
    Stock: 100364
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • $17,765
    fair price
    $804 below market
    • 80,301 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Nicks Motor Sales (131 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kalkaska, MI / 131 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS2HZ308567
    Stock: 2829
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-10-2025

  • $18,900
    fair price
    $639 below market
    • 80,400 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Jackson Auto Co (75 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jackson, MI / 75 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    FREE VEHICLE DELIVERY WITH-IN 300 MILES!!!! CALL/EMAIL FOR DETAILS... Welcome to Jackson Auto Company! We offer late model vehicles at competitive pri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRSXHZ198223
    Stock: CAD4560
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-24-2025

;
Showing 589 - 609 out of 879 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac XT5

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac XT5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (52%)
  • 4 star
    (26%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

XT5 sport

XT5 sport , 09/02/2020
2020 Cadillac XT5 Sport 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 9A)
This is my second XT5 from 2017 . The adaptive suspension is great and the 20 inch tires make handling very easy beautiful vehicle fully loaded. I own this 2020 six months now with no issues.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Cadillac XT5 in Grand Rapids, MI Values

Estimated values
2017 Cadillac XT5 4dr SUV (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$11,853$15,091$17,565
Clean$11,522$14,649$17,028
Average$10,969$13,913$16,133
Rough$10,251$12,955$14,969

The average list price of a used 2017 Cadillac XT5 in Grand Rapids, Michigan is $21,833. The average mileage on a used Cadillac XT5 2017 for sale in Grand Rapids, Michigan is 73,250. Based on the average mileage of 73,250 for used 2017 Cadillac XT5 for sale in Grand Rapids, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac XT5 2017 in Grand Rapids, Michigan to be $10,969.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.