Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
510 listings
  • Stock photo**
    $35,998
    fair price
    $1,563 above market
    • 76,491 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 826 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Clean CARFAX. Dark Granite Metallic 2017 Cadillac Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4WD 8-Speed Automatic Vortec 6.2L V8 SIDI 4WD.Jake Sweeney Automotive ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKJ0HR392851
    Stock: Y2730
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $63,974
    fair price
    $388 below market
    • 69,936 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Tri-County Chevrolet (475 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Royston, GA / 475 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    CARFAX One-Owner. Black Raven 2023 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport AWD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 This 2023 Cadillac Escalade ESV has been through our com...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4NKL5PR343324
    Stock: P10489
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Arrigo CDJR Sawgrass (111 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tamarac, FL / 111 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SK91PR122953
    Stock: 122953
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-26-2023

  • $19,900
    great price
    $4,867 below market
    • 134,013 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • American Champion (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stuart, FL / 41 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKJ3GR232462
    Stock: 232462
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 3,278 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carrio MotorCars (112 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Lauderdale, FL / 112 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL9PR241601
    Stock: 241601
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-27-2024

  • Price Drop
    $95,999
    great price
    $13,800 below market
    • 4,161 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Jimmy Britt Chevrolet Buick GMC (429 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, GA / 429 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Head-Up Display, full-color, reconfigurable (includes the following views: Speed, Audio/Phone, Navigation and Performance)Hands-Free Liftgate open and...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL4RR275835
    Stock: B9322
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

    • 16,426 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Dynasty Luxury Sales (139 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 139 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL3PR324978
    Stock: DLS-030
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-11-2025

    • 130,447 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Gallery Mall of Georgia (483 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bufurd, GA / 483 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    USB PORT, SUNROOF / MOONROOF, PUSH BUTTON START, NAVIGATION, BLUE TOOTH, BACK UP CAMERA, Escalade ESV Luxury, 4D Sport Utility, Vortec 6.2L V8 SIDI, 8...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ0HR154987
    Stock: M7316ARTL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

    • 54,824 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Sheehan PreOwned (108 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Pompano Beach, FL / 108 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    NAV, Heated Leather Seats, Sunroof, 3rd Row Seat, Panoramic Roof, Quad Seats, Alloy Wheels, Tow Hitch, WINDOW CONTROL, ALL WINDOWS, EXPRESS-... SUPER ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKL1PR419039
    Stock: T1713
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 31,117 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gilbert, AZ / 1,892 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4PKL0PR192484
    Stock: 27206035
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 51,064 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Hutchinson Kia (401 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Macon, GA / 401 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. Black Raven 2023 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium CPO with Super Cruise 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic RWD2ND ROW CAPTAINS CHAIR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKL9PR273537
    Stock: PR273537P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 33,303 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Sam Galloway Ford (120 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 120 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Vehicle pricing does not include tax, title, dealer fee of $599.50. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 21/27 City/Highway MPGPlus tax, tag and d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3PKT0PR301786
    Stock: R301786L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 20,000 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Laurinburg Auto Sales (485 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Laurinburg, NC / 485 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL5PR116870
    Stock: 116870
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2024

    • 23,690 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Key Hyundai (182 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 182 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    You won't want to miss this excellent value! First and foremost is the striking exterior. With fewer than 25,000 miles on the odometer, this 4 door sp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKLXPR323309
    Stock: 323309G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 43,823 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Hardee Auto Sales (429 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Conway, SC / 429 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Scores 26 Highway MPG and 20 City MPG! This Cadillac Escalade ESV delivers a Turbo Diesel I6 3.0L/182 engine powering this Automatic transmission. WIN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKTXPR207141
    Stock: 250331
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $99,994
    great price
    $8,304 below market
    • 11,019 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Classic Honda (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 78 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Thank you for choosing Classic Honda, this Black Raven 2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV 4WD Sport Platinum is a great choice! Check out the following:No Acc...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL1RR300397
    Stock: RR300397
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • $64,992
    fair price
    $467 below market
    • 54,216 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wappingers Falls, NY / 1,023 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKLXPR115463
    Stock: WTP8221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $97,982
    great price
    $8,484 below market
    • 12,272 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Jaguar North Dade (131 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in North Miami, FL / 131 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Black Raven 2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum AWD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 **LOW MILES**, **MOONROOF / SUNROOF**, **NAVIGATION**, AWD, Power...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKLXRR227370
    Stock: NRR227370T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 78,895 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 2,359 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKT6PR191939
    Stock: PR191939PC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 113,349 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Bells Auto Sales (305 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Savannah, GA / 305 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ0HR112450
    Stock: 24822
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 49,726 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Motorpoint Roswell (488 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 488 miles away from Sebastian, FL

    Vehicle Overview **WE DELIVER NATIONWIDE** **CASH PRICE MAY VARY DEPENDING ON DEALER FINANCE INCENTIVES** PLEASE CALL SALES AT 7**-2**-1*** ANYTIME - ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3PKT2PR130152
    Stock: 130152
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-05-2024

Showing 358 - 378 out of 510 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (34%)
5 out of 5 stars

My dream vehicle!

Cindy W., 01/28/2020
2018 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A)
If you're looking for a great ride, a ton of bells and whistles and a stylish vehicle, you're going to love owning an Escalade. This SUV has everything, hiding spots for your belongings, USB ports everywhere, 120v plugin, a ton of Bose speakers and so much more. The camera system is amazing! When I flip up my rear view mirror I see traffic behind me. When I pull into my garage I … still get the 360 view to make sure that I'm over enough and in far enough. My only issue, and this is a me issue is that this is sooo much bigger than the Tahoe I came from. This one is a beast ;o) so I'm having problems pulling into parking spots still, but with time, I'm sure that I'll nail it.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Sebastian, FL Values

Estimated values
2017 Cadillac Escalade ESV Platinum 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$28,262$33,693$37,853
Clean$27,471$32,707$36,695
Average$26,153$31,062$34,766
Rough$24,440$28,924$32,258

The average list price of a used 2017 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Sebastian, Florida is $68,856. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2017 for sale in Sebastian, Florida is 50,603. Based on the average mileage of 50,603 for used 2017 Cadillac Escalade ESV for sale in Sebastian, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2017 in Sebastian, Florida to be $26,153.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.