Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
268 listings
  • Price Drop
    $23,729
    fair price
    $332 above market
    • 33,140 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Larry H. Miller Dodge Ram Tucson (91 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 91 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    This 2023 Brilliant Silver Metallic Nissan Maxima SV FWD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits: 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8 Speakers, A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6CV0PC509208
    Stock: TDRP230841
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,642
    fair price
    $172 above market
    • 40,229 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Arizona Car Sales (15 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 15 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    SummaryLuxury, Power, and Peace of Mind – 1-Owner 2021 Nissan Maxima SV Now Available at Arizona Car Sales in Mesa, AZ! Drive A Premium vehic...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6CV8MC514474
    Stock: 25008
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 52,794 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 508 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP5JC375713
    Stock: 2003609276
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $173 below market
    • 37,970 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Canoga Park, CA / 409 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP9JC371275
    Stock: 27222487
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 105,865 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 1,863 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP0JC383184
    Stock: 26953984
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $17,095
    fair price
    $198 above market
    • 70,770 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Cranberry, PA / 1,797 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,Satellite Radi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP1JC409159
    Stock: T409159A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 83,292 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,554 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP7JC363076
    Stock: 2003671529
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 6,870 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Phoenix (32 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 32 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6EV0PC503678
    Stock: 2003656297
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 4,603 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from PA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 1,952 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP5JC383780
    Stock: 26528628
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 35,910 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Phoenix (32 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 32 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6CV5PC511729
    Stock: 2003698170
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 3,602 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Arrowhead Honda (44 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Peoria, AZ / 44 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Pearl White Tricoat 2023 Nissan Maxima SV FWD CVT with Xtronic 3.5L V6 DOHC 24VIs selling this Pearl White Tricoat N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6CV6PC513134
    Stock: 185847A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 98,270 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Santa Rosa, CA / 714 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP6JC400229
    Stock: 26541847
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 117,942 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,549 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP0JC372234
    Stock: 2003692530
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 95,128 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Ideal Cars (19 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 19 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    THIS 2 OWNER MAXIMA HAS OPTIONS YOU WILL APPRECIATE AND IS PRICED TO SELL FAST.HURRY IN TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OUR BEST NO HAGGLE CASH OR CASH EQUIVALEN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6DV9LC370396
    Stock: C70396
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-24-2024

    • 51,092 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Brandenton, FL / 1,767 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP5JC410220
    Stock: 26959584
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 49,260 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NY to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Smithtown, NY / 2,156 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP8JC363197
    Stock: 26996824
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 54,460 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,394 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP3JC362362
    Stock: 2003685379
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 37,307 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Honda of Superstition Springs (10 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 10 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    Remainder of factory warranty applies to this low mileage beauty!!!!!, REMAINING FACTORY POWERTRAIN WARRANTY APPLIES!!!!, Maxima SV, 4D Sedan, FWD. We...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6CV4PC512404
    Stock: P89982
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 100,260 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • City Auto Group Phoenix (35 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 35 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP3JC365021
    Stock: 10300
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2024

    • 131,474 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • The Other Guys Automotive (29 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 29 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP3JC378075
    Stock: 378075
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-14-2025

    • 89,568 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Ruly's Auto Sales (33 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 33 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP9JC390120
    Stock: 2025-12
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-12-2025

Showing 127 - 147 out of 268 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan Maxima

Read recent reviews for the Nissan Maxima
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars100 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 100 reviews
  • 5 star
    (84%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (1%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

Miles aint nothing but numbers on 2010 sv...

BFREE, 12/27/2015
2010 Nissan Maxima 3.5 S 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl CVT)
212k plus and no issues whatsoever. I just changed the original struts, shocks and control arms (worn out) at 210k. I have done the maintanance (pretty much) as reccommended by Nissan and I have been rewarded with supurb reliability. CVT fluid change is expensive at $300 but, I have had no reliability issues with it. Oil changes with regular 5w30 every 5000 miles. The car still … drives excellent the engine is as strong as ever,even though it has never had a tuneup. I'm going to do one just because I think I should, though no issues with power and performance. I would prefer a dual clutch automatic over the CVT, but the engine power at any speed amkes the CVT a non issue. I drove a four cylinder Altima CVT and hated it, but it works well with the V6. I wish the car had a little more top end perfomance at high speeds (over 100), but I rarely have a safe opportunity to drive that fast so no issue. I have the mid level SV with with leather. I have had lesser cars with leather that didnt fade like my caffe latte front seats have, also the vinyl around the outside of the seats and on the arm rest has started to crack. I know the premium trim is supposed to have higher quality leather, but why??? If it's leather it should all be of high quality with higher trims maybe having a better grain. The cupholders should have removable rubber inserts as any spills require cleanup directlyi the cupholder. Original equoptment tires were trash in rain and snow. Once I bought better tires rain and snow handling were very good. The car actually hydroplaned when new on the original tires. Handling is great, though I wish the ride was a little less firm and more sound deadening would be nice.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Nissan Maxima in Apache Junction, AZ Values

Estimated values
2023 Nissan Maxima 3.5 SV 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$19,272$20,166$21,170
Clean$19,029$19,884$20,847
Average$18,624$19,416$20,308
Rough$18,098$18,806$19,607

The average list price of a used 2023 Nissan Maxima in Apache Junction, Arizona is $21,228. The average mileage on a used Nissan Maxima 2023 for sale in Apache Junction, Arizona is 61,896. Based on the average mileage of 61,896 for used 2023 Nissan Maxima for sale in Apache Junction, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan Maxima 2023 in Apache Junction, Arizona to be $18,624.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.