Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
619 listings
    • 10,418 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 962 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,WiFi H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1EJ8RN618861
    Stock: RN618861A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,500
    fair price
    $508 above market
    • 87,314 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Sands Kia (53 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Surprise, AZ / 53 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    Clean CARFAX. Glacier White 2018 Nissan Frontier PRO-4X 4WD 5-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 4.0L V6 DOHC ***CLEAN CARFAX***, ***BLUE TOOTH***, ***FRE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6AD0EV2JN724478
    Stock: P6182C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • $14,495
    fair price
    $385 above market
    • 103,846 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6'1” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • All Credit Auto Source (19 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 19 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6BD0CT0JN710892
    Stock: 710892
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2024

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $575 above market
    • 104,988 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 656 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6AD0EV6JN707263
    Stock: 26494655
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 86,981 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,750 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6DD0ER8JN702789
    Stock: 2003558118
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

    • 8,812 miles
    • Lemon reported, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4'12” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • LeSueur Car Company (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tempe, AZ / 23 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    for 2024 Nissan Frontier PRO-4X Pickupfor sale in Tempe, AZTruckcar_truck

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1EK3RN615505
    Stock: 615505
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

    • 55,037 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,468 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6AD0ER8JN747105
    Stock: 2003583077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $32,200
    great price
    $11,002 below market
    • 4,083 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • Caspian Auto Group (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 19 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1EK9SN615305
    Stock: 11517
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

    • 1,613 miles
    • Lemon reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • LeSueur Car Company (23 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tempe, AZ / 23 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    for 2024 Nissan Frontier PRO-X Pickupfor sale in Tempe, AZ serving PhoenixTruckcar_truck

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1EJ2RN613722
    Stock: 613722
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

    • 71,940 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Ideal Cars (19 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 19 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    NO CREDIT? NO PROBLEM! IDEAL FIRST CARS AT IDEAL PAYMENTS!FROM SETBACKS TO COMEBACKS- LET US HELP YOU GET THERE! HURRY IN TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OUR BES...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6AD0ER5GN711588
    Stock: C11588
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $15,999
    fair price
    $308 above market
    • 108,778 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Desert West Auto Sales (34 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 34 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    Go to : www.desertwestautosales.com99% APPROVALWe Guarantee It! No matter your financial situation, you will drive off the lot in a new car, today.PHO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6AD0ER3JN739056
    Stock: 739056
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-28-2024

    • 6,450 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 1,578 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1CL0RN666276
    Stock: 27160395
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $1,017 above market
    • 105,999 miles
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Loveland, CO / 604 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6DD0EV2JN701148
    Stock: 27060680
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 144,692 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6'1” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • Myrick Motors (38 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 38 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    Vehicle Overview If you would like to see the truck in person

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6BD0CT7JN750967
    Stock: 750967
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 6,701 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 1,667 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1CL0RN625615
    Stock: 27038584
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 799 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,759 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1CL3RN636026
    Stock: 27159614
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 79,761 miles
    • 4'12” bed, 4l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Corpus Christi, TX / 928 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,5-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Adjustable Steering Wheel,Alum...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6AD0EV1JN743586
    Stock: JN743586T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 7,729 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6'1” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,468 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1CM6RN602333
    Stock: 2003683371
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 345 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'1” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 1,216 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1CLXRN648092
    Stock: 26896958
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 8,820 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6'1” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 270 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1CL5RN628719
    Stock: 8GQWKC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-27-2025

    • 6,118 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4'12” bed, 3.8l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 854 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N6ED1EJ6RN630605
    Stock: 2003608067
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

;
Showing 421 - 441 out of 619 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan Frontier

Read recent reviews for the Nissan Frontier
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars67 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 67 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (25%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
5 out of 5 stars

Tried and True

Jacob, 10/21/2019
2019 Nissan Frontier PRO-4X 4dr Crew Cab 4WD 5.0 ft. SB (4.0L 6cyl 5A)
After looking at the new Ranger, the Colorado, and a few different Tacoma’s, the Frontier won me over. I’ve read a lot of the negative comments from the “expert” reviews, but the simplicity of my truck is what ultimately sold me. It took the salesman at the Ford dealership 15 minutes just to explain the infotainment system in the Ranger. This truck is great; it handles well, has plenty … of power, and is surprisingly comfortable. For the price, it can’t be beat. I haven’t had the chance to go off road or tow yet, but I have no doubts. The technology is simple and straightforward to set up, and as a bonus the sound system is outstanding. I don’t have many negatives. I’ve averaged around 17 mpg around town, which could be better. But honestly I’m happy as is. It's very satisfying during my daily commute, and as I’ve mentioned, I love the simplicity. I have no issues with the “dated” feel that’s prevalent in a lot of reviews. ** UPDATE 2023 ** Still going strong, zero issues. I've been on some tough trails, I've towed around 6,000lbs up the coast, and it's been my daily driver. So far only standard maintenance. The fuel economy isn't great (around 17 combined), probably the only negative.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Nissan Frontier in Apache Junction, AZ Values

Estimated values
2024 Nissan Frontier PRO-X 4dr Crew Cab 5.0 ft. SB (3.8L 6cyl 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,237$25,133$26,223
Clean$24,009$24,881$25,943
Average$23,629$24,460$25,475
Rough$23,136$23,913$24,868

The average list price of a used 2024 Nissan Frontier in Apache Junction, Arizona is $26,108. The average mileage on a used Nissan Frontier 2024 for sale in Apache Junction, Arizona is 48,154. Based on the average mileage of 48,154 for used 2024 Nissan Frontier for sale in Apache Junction, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan Frontier 2024 in Apache Junction, Arizona to be $23,629.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.