Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
434 listings
  • $12,995
    great price
    $4,178 below market
    69,322 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Autos Direct of Fredericksburg (86 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 86 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    Clean CARFAX. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Autos Direct of Manassas is pleased to offer this Beautiful 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport. This...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4AP3AU1LU028710
    Stock: D11667
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2023

  • Price Drop
    $19,500
    great price
    $3,255 below market
    17,095 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Auto Giants Mitsubishi (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 91 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    2022 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport 2.0 SE Red DiamondAWD, APPLE CARPLAY, ANDROID AUTO, BLUETOOTH, BACKUP CAMERA, 4WD.Odometer is 23325 miles below market...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU7NU016869
    Stock: N5290A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2024

  • $19,735
    great price
    $2,897 below market
    6,506 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    National Auto of Waldorf (59 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Waldorf, MD / 59 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    4WD, ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Heated door mirrors, Heated Front Bucket Seats, Heated front seats, Illuminated entry, Lo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAUXNU017319
    Stock: 017319
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-15-2024

  • $19,493
    great price
    $2,729 below market
    12,845 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    AutoNation Honda Dulles (98 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 98 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    Rear Spoiler Alloy Silver Metallic Black; Fabric Seat Trim This vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise inspection process. ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU7PU005826
    Stock: PU005826
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2024

  • Price Drop
    $18,100
    great price
    $2,665 below market
    21,266 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Bayside Pre-Owned Super Center Hollywood (36 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Hollywood, MD / 36 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    CARFAX One-Owner. This affordable Outlander comes with GREAT GAS MILEAGE! Local to Maryland since purchased new! We offer 100% GAURANTEED FINANCING, s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU2PU002915
    Stock: PU002915
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2024

  • Price Drop
    $14,444
    great price
    $2,120 below market
    50,137 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Lindsay Volkswagen of Dulles (97 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 97 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    TRANSPARENT PRICING. NO RECONDITIONING FEE CHARGED TO OUR CUSTOMERS., Outlander Sport SE, 4D Sport Utility, 2.4L MIVEC DOHC 16V 4-Cylinder, CVT, FWD, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4AP3AW9JU019848
    Stock: V903995A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • Price Drop
    $22,500
    good price
    $2,060 below market
    1,009 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Koons Tysons Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 85 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Heated door mirrors, Heated Front Bucket Seats, Heated front seats, Illuminated entry, Low tir...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAUXPU011913
    Stock: 00J13856
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • $20,500
    good price
    $1,865 below market
    10,474 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Heritage Mazda of Bel Air (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bel Air, MD / 89 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    Recent Arrival! **ONE-OWNER**, **CLEAN CARFAX**, **POWER WINDOWS AND LOCKS**,**REMOTE ENTRY**, **REAR VIEW CAMERA**, **BLUETOOTH**, **ALLOY WHEELS**. ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU9PU010865
    Stock: FP010865
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • $21,000
    good price
    $1,694 below market
    15,476 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Heritage Honda of Parkville (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Parkville, MD / 84 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    Recent Arrival! *4X4*, *HEATED SEATS*, *BLIND SPOT SENSORS*, *APPLE CARPLAY/ANDROID AUTO*, *HANDS FREE BLUETOOTH*, *BACKUP CAMERA*, **SIRIUSXM COMPATI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU5PU015111
    Stock: KP015111
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2024

  • $9,465
    great price
    $2,331 below market
    63,675 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Certified Car Center (85 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 85 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    YES A SUPER NICE **ONE OWNER** 2014 MITSUBISHI OUTLANDER SPORT ES WITH SUPER LOW MILES IN GREAT SHAPE, LOADED WITH; **BLUE TOOTH**, **ALLOY WHEELS**, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4A4AP3AU5EE029063
    Stock: 9063C575
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,295
    great price
    $2,795 below market
    33,339 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Fitzgerald Toyota Gaithersburg (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 94 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    You won't want to miss this excellent value! This vehicle is a triumph, continuing to deliver top-notch execution in its segment! Mitsubishi prioritiz...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU1NU011103
    Stock: ER11103
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-16-2023

  • Price Drop
    $16,310
    great price
    $1,568 below market
    73,549 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (95 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 95 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Satellite Rad...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU8MU013249
    Stock: MU013249P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,500
    good price
    $1,331 below market
    22,444 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Auto Giants Mitsubishi (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 91 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport 2.0 ES Red Diamond4WD, APPLE CARPLAY, ANDROID AUTO, ONE OWNER, ACCIDENT FREE CARFAX, BLUETOOTH, HEATED SEATS, BACKUP C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4AR3AUXLU022740
    Stock: U2069
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2024

  • $14,512
    good price
    $1,044 below market
    62,942 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Haley Buick GMC Airport (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 95 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    *** THIS VEHICLE IS LOCATED @ HALEY BUICK GMC AIRPORT 5500 S. Laburnum Ave. Richmond VA, 23231. CALL *** 804-222-4600 *** for more information and ava...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4AR3AU3KU036025
    Stock: J5266
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • $17,500
    fair price
    $344 below market
    37,805 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    National Auto of Waldorf (59 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Waldorf, MD / 59 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    4WD, Android Auto & Apple CarPlay, Automatic temperature control, Brake assist, Delay-off headlights, Exterior Parking Camera Rear, Heated door mirror...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4AR3AU6LU005191
    Stock: D03116A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2024

  • $18,250
    good price
    $1,926 below market
    37,568 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Koons Tysons Toyota (86 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 86 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    VEHICLE PROFESSIONALLY DETAILED, GOOD TIRES, GOOD BRAKES, RECENT TRADE, Outlander Sport 2.0 SE, 4D Sport Utility, 2.0L I4 SMPI DOHC 16V LEV3-ULEV70 14...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4APVAU8NU000319
    Stock: 0PB48526
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2024

  • 47,147 miles
    Frame damage reported, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Premier Automotive (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Dumfries, VA / 79 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    Premier Automotive Inc. makes every effort to provide the most accurate information about a vehicle. Some of the options and equipment listed on the w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4AR3AU7KU001519
    Stock: PA6392
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $21,444
    good price
    $1,560 below market
    13,014 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Lindsay Volkswagen of Manassas (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 91 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    TRANSPARENT PRICING, NO RECONDITIONING FEE CHARGED TO OUR CUSTOMERS, 4D Sport Utility, 2.0L I4 SMPI DOHC 16V LEV3-ULEV70 148hp, CVT, Labrador Black Pe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU4PU011874
    Stock: MVP10608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2024

  • Price Drop
    $19,788
    fair price
    $129 below market
    16,429 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Fitzgerald Mazda of Annapolis (60 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Annapolis, MD / 60 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    Check out this 2022! Pure practicality in a stylish package. With less than 20,000 miles on the odometer, this vehicle proves competitive in its price...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4APUAU4NU015331
    Stock: M043348A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-23-2024

  • Price Drop
    $18,000
    good price
    $1,601 below market
    25,345 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Ourisman Honda of Laurel (75 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 75 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    This 2021 Labrador Black Metallic Mitsubishi Outlander Sport 2.0 ES 4WD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits: . CVT 2.0L I4 SMPI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4ARUAU0MU009552
    Stock: 778521A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2024

  • Price Drop
    $15,000
    good price
    $783 below market
    67,692 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Heritage Honda Bel Air (89 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Fallston, MD / 89 miles away from Nanticoke, MD

    **12 MONTH / 12,000 MILES WARRANTY** **REARVIEW PARKING ASSIST** **BLUETOOTH** **ALLOY WHEELS** **ONE OWNER** **CLEAN CARFAX** 4 Speakers, ABS brakes...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JA4AP3AU2LU003377
    Stock: EU003377
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 434 listings
Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

434 cars
|
$18,566 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.