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Auto Finance Tips
Four-Square Basics
How the Dealer Works the Numbers
By Philip Reed, Senior Consumer Advice Editor
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To help you get the best deal when you buy your next car, you should understand
how the salespeople will "work the numbers" on a four-square worksheet as they
negotiate. The worksheet — which covers everything from auto loan payments to trade-in price — helps the salespeople view the total profit to the dealership while reviewing the separate elements of the deal.
As the name suggests, the sheet is divided into four large
squares:
- Trade-in: How much the dealership will credit you for your trade-in.
This figure is credited toward your purchase of a new vehicle. Dealers would
like you to put 1/3 down. However, this figure is negotiable and can certainly
be less than 1/3 the price of the car.
- Purchase price of the dealer's car: This is the price of the car.
Often a dealer will write the price of the car, then write "plus fees," indicating
that, on top of the cost of the car, you will pay sales tax, title and licensing
fees.
- Down payment: How much cash are you are willing to pay up front?
Down payments made using a credit card are also considered "cash up front."
- Monthly payments: How high a monthly auto loan payment are you willing to make? Car salespeople try to get the customer to focus on this figure since it most directly affects a person's budget.
As you can see, these four separate pieces are interconnected. If, for example,
a customer is concerned about receiving the full value of her trade-in, the dealer
will inflate the amount of the trade-in and then raise the monthly payment on the auto loan regarding the new car. Now the customer is satisfied, but the dealer is still making the
same total amount of profit.
Avoid Being Trapped by the Four-square
First of all, try to keep the deal as simple as possible. Consider selling your
old car rather than trading it in. With a little effort, you could save a lot
of money. Or secure outside auto financing before you go to the dealership. Taking
these advance steps will allow you to negotiate the price of the car only rather
than playing the monthly payment game.
If you want to trade in your current vehicle and become a monthly payment buyer
(sometimes dealers can offer attractively low interest rates), work the numbers
yourself before you go to the dealership. Decide what your maximum down payment and monthly auto loan payment should be. Then, decide on your lowest figure for the trade-in. Look at the Edmunds.com TMV® to find out what a fair selling price for the
car should be. Now, write all these figures down so that you can control the whole
deal to limit your expenses in the same way the dealer tries to maximize his profit.
Print your own blank four-square worksheet. (PDF format)
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