Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
69 listings
  • New Listing
    $8,701
    great price
    $1,419 below market
    • 119,554 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 612 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    High Demand,Rare Find,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Satellite Radio,Turbo/Supercharged,Power Door Locks,Satellite Radio,Brake Assist,Floor Mats,Front Wheel D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW917AU6FM077442
    Stock: FM077442TS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $7,500
    great price
    $1,716 below market
    • 110,186 miles
    • 1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use
    • 4cyl Automated Manual
    • XCELCARS (20 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Snellville, GA / 20 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    Introducing a 2011 Volkswagen Golf TDI with a clean CARFAX report. This vehicle has been well-maintained with below 111,000 miles, averaging less than...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/42 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWDM7AJ1BW331028
    Stock: BW331028
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2023

  • $6,000
    great price
    $1,172 below market
    • 174,350 miles
    • 1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Sean Auto Sales (20 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Duluth, GA / 20 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    Visit Sean Auto Sales online at www.seanautosalesinc.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 4**-9**-1*** today to schedule your te...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW217AU7GM015146
    Stock: 16VWGLOFBLA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2024

  • $6,999
    great price
    $1,218 below market
    • 151,018 miles
    • 2 Accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Multi Group Automotive (14 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Doraville, GA / 14 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    2015 Volkswagen Golf TSI S 4dr Hatchback 6A 1.8L I4 Turbocharger Automatic 6-Speed Transmission, Power Mirrors, Power Windows, AUX, Bluetooth, Current...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW217AU3FM030922
    Stock: 030922
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 49,792 miles
    • 2 Accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • AutoNation Toyota Mall of Georgia (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 32 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    Sun/Moonroof<br>Rearview Mirror W/Homelink<br>Wheel Splash Guards (Set Of 4)<br>Chrome Exhaust Tips<br>Roadside Assistance Kit<br>Keyless Start<br>Black<br>Titan Black; V-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW217AU1HM018478
    Stock: HM018478
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-20-2024

  • New Listing
    $7,000
    fair price
    $511 below market
    • 125,351 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 5cyl Automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 612 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    High Demand

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WVWDB7AJ4CW225261
    Stock: CW225261TS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,874
    good price
    $744 below market
    • 66,194 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Rochester, NY / 739 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG57AU5MM001090
    Stock: 7T9L5T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-07-2024

  • New Listing
    • 96,921 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Manual
    • Autonomous Auto Group (15 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 15 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (25 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW817AUXFM022519
    Stock: FM022519M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2024

  • New Listing
    $16,999
    good price
    $971 below market
    • 61,304 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Riverside, CA / 1,886 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG57AU0MM005063
    Stock: 7V07MG
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2024

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $172 above market
    • 11,478 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to GA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 408 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG17AU4JM278854
    Stock: 26259029
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,999
    good price
    $1,014 below market
    • 61,182 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Ventura, CA / 1,987 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG57AU6MM004743
    Stock: 7V82HG
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2024

  • $12,999
    good price
    $951 below market
    • 76,386 miles
    • 2 Accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • 1st Choice Autos (12 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Smyrna, GA / 12 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW217AU5FM007707
    Stock: 007707
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2024

  • New Listing
    • 66,957 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Thornton, CO / 1,213 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG57AU5MM006080
    Stock: 7V248Q
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-27-2024

  • New Listing
    $19,998
    fair price
    $664 above market
    • 24,810 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,078 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG57AU3KM032299
    Stock: 26151995
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    good price
    $1,088 below market
    • 54,194 miles
    • 2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 1,885 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG57AU1KM033127
    Stock: 26167173
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,998
    fair price
    $80 below market
    • 29,076 miles
    • 1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,747 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (25 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW117AU4GM056295
    Stock: 26202637
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $15,858
    fair price
    $274 below market
    • 42,482 miles
    • 1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Atlanta Auto Brokers (15 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 15 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. 25/35 City/Highway MPG Odometer is 36379 miles below market average! Red 2017 Volkswagen Golf 1.8L I4 Turbocharged DOHC 16V SULEV II...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW217AU8HM019823
    Stock: AB8919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-24-2024

  • New Listing
    $15,290
    fair price
    $518 above market
    • 46,836 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Free home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,079 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW217AU6FM102566
    Stock: 2002971632
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-15-2024

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $494 above market
    • 39,938 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to GA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Colma, CA / 2,138 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG17AU8JM284141
    Stock: 26237985
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $11,998
    fair price
    $92 above market
    • 103,374 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Santa Rosa, CA / 2,149 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW217AU1HM042313
    Stock: 26151064
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $261 above market
    • 71,162 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NH to GA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Manchester, NH / 945 miles away from Atlanta, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWG17AU8JM263841
    Stock: 26187080
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 69 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Volkswagen Golf

Read recent reviews for the Volkswagen Golf
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars858 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 858 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (21%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (1%)
5 out of 5 stars

Fantastic Hatchback!

Mike, 04/18/2020
2017 Volkswagen Golf
I got my 2017 Golf S in April 2018 & it has been fantastic! I’ve put 20,000 miles on it in 2 years with no problems. Living in Oklahoma, I’ve driven it to Cleveland, OH, then to Phoenix, AZ & Riverside, CA. This car is very comfortable on the interstate, back highways & city streets. I’ve been surprised by power this Golf has. While I averaged 39.7 on the trips, it’s been getting 30-35 … mpg combined, depending on traffic. Wind also has an outsized effect on mileage. It is extremely easy to park. Even though most people think it would be, cargo space is not an issue. I put a new lawn mower, still in the box, in the back without having to put the back seats down. I grew up with a ‘67 VW Westphalia Camper van, ‘70 Squareback wagon & ‘74 Beetle that I bought from my folks. Since then I’ve owned a German spec ‘76 Scirocco, ‘99 Passat, now the ‘17 Golf. Of all these, while the others were right for that time, the Golf is by far the most utilitarian & most efficient.
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius25 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

Condition

Price & Payment

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Expert OpinionsThe Edmunds Vehicle Testing Team evaluates a fresh batch of vehicles every week, pairing objective assessments at our test track with real-world driving on city streets, freeways and winding roads. The data we gather results in our Expert Ratings. They’re based on 30-plus scores that cover every aspect of the automotive experience.

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.