Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
143 listings
  • Price Drop
    $36,998
    good price
    $1,949 below market
    • 8,467 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Jaguar Boston (44 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boston, MA / 44 miles away from Manchester, NH

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who inspect the t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX33DT08N9L53482
    Stock: BL260645B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,985
    good price
    $1,962 below market
    • 48,742 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Woburn Toyota (34 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woburn, MA / 34 miles away from Manchester, NH

    This 2020 BMW X4 xDrive30i, has a Black Sapphire Metallic exterior and an Black interior color. 48,742 miles. Stock Number N38756B. You can con...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C04L9C89963
    Stock: N38756B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $37,490
    good price
    $2,657 below market
    • 43,290 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Bourne's Auto Center (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in South Easton, MA / 64 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Bourne s Auto Center has been recognized as the DealerRater Dealer of the Year in 2023, 2020, 2018, and 2015. We have also received the DealerRater Co...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX43DT08N9K11640
    Stock: 87429R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-01-2025

  • $27,897
    fair price
    $496 below market
    • 55,649 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Lynnfield (37 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lynnfield, MA / 37 miles away from Manchester, NH

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who inspect the t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C09L9B88515
    Stock: F15660A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,990
    good price
    $1,506 below market
    • 47,597 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Norwood (54 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 54 miles away from Manchester, NH

    This 2022 BMW X4 xDrive30i, has a Dark Graphite Metallic exterior and an Oyster interior color. 47,597 miles. Stock Number P10157A. You can con...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX33DT04N9J64991
    Stock: P10157A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,988
    fair price
    $1,074 above market
    • 59,803 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Westwood (52 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Westwood, MA / 52 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Clean. EPA 27 MPG Hwy/21 MPG City! Sunroof, NAV, Power Liftgate, All Wheel Drive, Panoramic Roof, Turbo, Alloy Wheels, DRIVING ASSISTANCE PACKAGE, BLA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V5C06L9B39974
    Stock: L9B39974
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-12-2025

  • $21,000
    great price
    $3,516 below market
    • 94,406 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 2,560 miles away from Manchester, NH

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,High Demand,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Satellite ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C05M9G91251
    Stock: M9G91251TX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $28,995
    fair price
    $485 above market
    • 63,742 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • American Dream Auto Sales (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Warwick, RI / 85 miles away from Manchester, NH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX33DT05N9K66686
    Stock: RK66686
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 34,922 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • AGM Auto Sales (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Malden, MA / 41 miles away from Manchester, NH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX33DT05N9K32019
    Stock: K32019
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $29,717
    good price
    $1,800 below market
    • 45,409 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Tulley BMW of Nashua (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Nashua, NH / 15 miles away from Manchester, NH

    ***Bought & Serviced at Tulley BMW***SEE ALL OF YOUR INFOTAINMENT & NAVIGATION RIGHT IN YOUR WINDSHIELD WITH THE HEAD-UP DISPLAY! UPGRADE YOUR DAILY D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C09M9F24388
    Stock: B261306A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $34,590
    fair price
    $33 above market
    • 29,751 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,598 miles away from Manchester, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C09M9F33883
    Stock: 2004425600
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-15-2026

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $116 above market
    • 55,928 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 2,555 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Wanna drive? CarMax puts you in the driver's seat-and that includes transparency. Certain cars may have unrepaired safety recalls, so check nhtsa.gov/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C02M9G38488
    Stock: 27789447
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $41,998
    good price
    $1,065 below market
    • 16,857 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax South Portland (74 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in South Portland, ME / 74 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Wanna drive? CarMax puts you in the driver's seat-and that includes transparency. Certain cars may have unrepaired safety recalls, so check nhtsa.gov/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX33DT08P9P74167
    Stock: 28125161
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $29,000
    good price
    $798 below market
    • 94,521 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Boston Motor Sports (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Everett, MA / 42 miles away from Manchester, NH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V5C09M9F52151
    Stock: F52151
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2026

  • $34,998
    fair price
    $134 below market
    • 48,149 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to NH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 1,121 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Wanna drive? CarMax puts you in the driver's seat-and that includes transparency. Certain cars may have unrepaired safety recalls, so check nhtsa.gov/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C06M9G33116
    Stock: 28026244
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $34,998
    fair price
    $627 above market
    • 47,375 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KS to NH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 1,399 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Wanna drive? CarMax puts you in the driver's seat-and that includes transparency. Certain cars may have unrepaired safety recalls, so check nhtsa.gov/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V5C05M9F39932
    Stock: 27935167
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 31,319 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to NH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Warner Robins, GA / 975 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Wanna drive? CarMax puts you in the driver's seat-and that includes transparency. Certain cars may have unrepaired safety recalls, so check nhtsa.gov/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C07M9G55951
    Stock: 27250636
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 35,921 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to NH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 496 miles away from Manchester, NH

    Wanna drive? CarMax puts you in the driver's seat-and that includes transparency. Certain cars may have unrepaired safety recalls, so check nhtsa.gov/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C04M9G49167
    Stock: 27617996
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 62,077 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 534 miles away from Manchester, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C03M9F37914
    Stock: 2004388843
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-08-2026

  • New Listing
    • 63,947 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,273 miles away from Manchester, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX2V1C05M9E84293
    Stock: 2004316487
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-12-2026

    • 38,449 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Nucar Honda Westford (26 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Westford, MA / 26 miles away from Manchester, NH

    CARFAX 1-Owner, Excellent Condition, GREAT MILES 38,444! Alpine White exterior and Tacora Red interior, xDrive30i trim. PRICED TO MOVE $1,700 below J....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX33DT06P9P87533
    Stock: U0900131
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-09-2026

Showing 1 - 21 out of 143 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X4

Read recent reviews for the BMW X4
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars17 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 17 reviews
  • 5 star
    (71%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
4 out of 5 stars

Fun to Drive

NYRIZ, 04/16/2021
2021 BMW X4 M40i 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A)
The ride is smooth. However in sport plus on regular streets will snap you back a bit. The exterior styling is great and you will get looks and comments. Not a true M Car but the M40i makes more sense for a daily driver. X4 M40i and X4M 0-60 times are too close to justify paying $10,000 more for the privilege of driving an M car
Report abuse

Used 2022 BMW X4 in Manchester, NH Values

Estimated values
2022 BMW X4 xDrive30i 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$28,614$30,825$33,039
Clean$28,167$30,336$32,506
Average$27,422$29,520$31,617
Rough$26,453$28,460$30,462

The average list price of a used 2022 BMW X4 in Manchester, New Hampshire is $32,806. The average mileage on a used BMW X4 2022 for sale in Manchester, New Hampshire is 48,872. Based on the average mileage of 48,872 for used 2022 BMW X4 for sale in Manchester, NH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW X4 2022 in Manchester, New Hampshire to be $27,422.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details

Seller Type


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.