Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
66 listings
  • Price Drop
    $27,000
    fair price
    $73 above market
    15,431 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Koons GM Corner (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 18 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Forward Collision Warning, Active Blind Spot Assist, Active Blind Spot Package, Aluminum Interior Trim, Aluminum Steering Column Mounted Paddle Shifte...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN1L7635642
    Stock: 00010408
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • Price Drop
    $21,998
    good price
    $3,322 below market
    26,782 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Criswell Maserati (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Germantown, MD / 32 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Vesuvio Gray Metallic 2019 Alfa Romeo Giulia AWD 8-Speed Automatic I4 AWD, 8.8" Nav Radio w/SiriusXM Package, 8.8" Wid...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANAN0K7613556
    Stock: A240097A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-12-2023

  • Price Drop
    $27,400
    fair price
    $1,625 below market
    18,196 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Heritage Honda Bel Air (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fallston, MD / 78 miles away from Manassas, VA

    **ALL-WHEEL DRIVE** **PREMIUM LEATHER SEATING** **HEATED SEATS** **HEATED STEERING WHEEL** **SUNROOF** **APPLE CARPLAY** **ANDROID AUTO** **REARVIEW P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN9M7648677
    Stock: EP648677
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2024

  • Price Drop
    $30,000
    fair price
    $802 below market
    16,363 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Koons GM Corner (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 18 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Active Assist 2 Package Ti Sport, Active Blind Spot Assist, Adaptive Cruise Control w/Stop, Aluminum Interior Trim, Aluminum Steering Column Mounted P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN7M7643266
    Stock: 00010394
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2024

  • New Listing
    $24,000
    good price
    $1,565 below market
    47,078 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Koons Tysons Toyota (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 18 miles away from Manassas, VA

    2021 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti, 4D Sedan, I4, Automatic, AWD, Alfa Rosso, Tan/Black Leather, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8 Speakers, ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, AM/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN5M7649759
    Stock: 00P48539
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2024

  • Price Drop
    $27,485
    fair price
    $479 below market
    18,928 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Criswell Maserati (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Germantown, MD / 32 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Vulcano Black Metallic 2021 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti AWD 8-Speed Automatic I4 Giulia Ti, AWD, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN4M7644181
    Stock: Y0484
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2024

  • $25,000
    fair price
    $628 below market
    47,497 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Ourisman Honda of Laurel (44 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 44 miles away from Manassas, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. This 2021 Stromboli Gray Metallic Alfa Romeo Giulia Sprint AWD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits: . 8-Speed...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANAN8M7648882
    Stock: P9845
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2024

  • $23,895
    fair price
    $1,177 below market
    29,650 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    National Auto of Waldorf (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waldorf, MD / 33 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Aluminum Interior Trim, Aluminum Steering Column Mounted Paddle Shifters, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Auto-Dimming Exterior Mirrors, Black Headliner, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN8K7614131
    Stock: 614131
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-05-2023

  • 63,992 miles
    Frame damage reported, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Lease Return Center (16 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Triangle, VA / 16 miles away from Manassas, VA

    --CARFAX CERTIFIED!!!!!--GORGEOUS BLUE ON CARAMEL BROWN LEATHER SEATS--UPGRADED WHEELS WITH YELLOW CALIPERS--FULLY LOADED!!--RUNS AMAZING--VERY SHARP ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN4K7621331
    Stock: 621331
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,999
    great price
    $2,813 below market
    50,351 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 211 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBNXL7625939
    Stock: 8DDCJT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-13-2023

  • New Listing
    $28,500
    fair price
    $503 below market
    17,979 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Parks Chevrolet Richmond (81 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 81 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti Sport Ti Sport AWD Lunare White Metallic*WE OFFER CONTACTLESS PURCHASE AND D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN3L7637799
    Stock: 4R3582
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2024

  • $24,499
    fair price
    $499 below market
    43,805 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 1,945 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN8L7636092
    Stock: 8C3J4S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2024

  • 9,925 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Autowerkes (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fallston, MD / 78 miles away from Manassas, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANAN9L7632799
    Stock: 12535
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2022

  • 54,259 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Maximum Auto Outlet (2 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 2 miles away from Manassas, VA

    ***SUPER FUN TO DRIVE SPORTS SEDAN.........................................2018 ALFA ROMEO GIULIA SPORT Q4 FINISHED IN ALFA WHITE WITH A BLACK LEATHER...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAEDN5J7563893
    Stock: J7563893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    27,061 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    DARCARS Kia (30 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Temple Hills, MD / 30 miles away from Manassas, VA

    Montecarlo Blue Metallic 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti Sport TI LUSSO 8-Speed Automatic I4 AWDABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Compass, Electronic Stability Cont...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFANBN6L7636081
    Stock: P1V0338
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2024

  • New Listing
    37,811 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,950 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN9L7635843
    Stock: 2002820455
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2024

  • New Listing
    49,387 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,154 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN2L7637501
    Stock: 2002793279
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2024

  • New Listing
    23,469 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,950 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN7L7636018
    Stock: 2002777774
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-10-2024

  • New Listing
    51,113 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,125 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN8L7629628
    Stock: 2002828262
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2024

  • New Listing
    19,161 miles
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,154 miles away from Manassas, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMBN0L7625328
    Stock: 2002613957
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-03-2023

  • 23,547 miles
    Frame damage reported, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Superior Mitsubishi (74 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Kingsville, MD / 74 miles away from Manassas, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: ZARFAMAN3L7634042
    Stock: 15268
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-09-2023

Showing 1 - 21 out of 66 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Alfa Romeo Giulia

Read recent reviews for the Alfa Romeo Giulia
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars34 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 34 reviews
  • 5 star
    (74%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

Special car

Alan, 09/22/2018
2019 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti Sport 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
One of the best handing drive when compared to the 3 series and C class that I owned previously. I got the sport ti with the sport suspension. The car has almost no body roll yet the ride felt very comfortable. Not overly stiff. I think Alfa did a great job with the suspension and power for the car.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia in Manassas, VA Values

Estimated values
2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti Sport 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$21,144$24,031$26,933
Clean$20,734$23,544$26,364
Average$20,052$22,732$25,414
Rough$19,164$21,677$24,180

The average list price of a used 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia in Manassas, Virginia is $25,480. The average mileage on a used Alfa Romeo Giulia 2020 for sale in Manassas, Virginia is 32,942. Based on the average mileage of 32,942 for used 2020 Alfa Romeo Giulia for sale in Manassas, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Alfa Romeo Giulia 2020 in Manassas, Virginia to be $20,052.

Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

66 cars
|
$25,876 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.