Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
283 listings
    • 76,768 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Carvana - Richmond (81 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 81 miles away from Newport News, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A31G6659070
    Stock: 2003142888
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2024

    • 70,135 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax Midlothian (75 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 75 miles away from Newport News, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A35G6689981
    Stock: 26024469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $7,500
    good price
    $1,756 below market
    • 95,876 miles
    • 2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Passport Nissan of Alexandria (132 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 132 miles away from Newport News, VA

    2017 Kia Rio LX, Bright Silver Exterior with Black Cloth Interior<br><br>Key Features:<br>Keyless Entry, AM/FM/CD/MP3, Auto Head Lights, 6-Way Adjustable Drive...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A36H6026243
    Stock: D15460A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2024

    • 90,332 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Universal Motors (100 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Spotsylvania, VA / 100 miles away from Newport News, VA

    Dealer Disclosure: ***INTERNETPRICING*** MUST PRINT & PRESENT VEHICLE ADVERTISEMENT FOR SPECIAL INTERNETPRICING! APPOINTMENTS PREFERRED DUE TO LARGE I...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM5A37F6515415
    Stock: B228-8C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 87,576 miles
    • No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Capital Blvd DriveTime (144 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 144 miles away from Newport News, VA

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A34H6059578
    Stock: 1190204991
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-22-2024

  • $7,750
    great price
    $3,107 below market
    • 82,570 miles
    • No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Prime Auto Sales (24 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 24 miles away from Newport News, VA

    2016 Kia Rio, 4 cylinders, 82570 miles, automatic. - CD Player - Satellite Radio - USB, AUX - Bluetooth Wireless - Cruise Control - ABS, Traction Cont...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM5A35G6675813
    Stock: 675813
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2024

  • New Listing
    • 66,342 miles
    • 2 Accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax Laurel (150 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 150 miles away from Newport News, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A33H6062830
    Stock: 25697443
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $6,500
    good price
    $1,981 below market
    • 107,918 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Wolf's Elite Autos (194 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, DE / 194 miles away from Newport News, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A33G6586316
    Stock: 586316
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2024

  • New Listing
    $10,845
    fair price
    • 62,977 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,386 miles away from Newport News, VA

    Rare Find,Brake Assist,Satellite Radio,Steel Wheels,Power Door Locks,Satellite Radio,Brake Assist,Floor Mats,Front Wheel Drive,Gasoline Fuel,Remote Tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A36G6532122
    Stock: G6532122A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $7,290
    good price
    $1,662 below market
    • 94,072 miles
    • 2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Elite AutoPlex (178 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Burlington, NC / 178 miles away from Newport News, VA

    This is a 2016 Kia Rio LX 1.6L I4. It has 94,072 mileage, clean title, two previous owners and it runs and drives great. It is equipped with Bluetooth...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A3XG6640596
    Stock: 640596
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2024

  • $7,204
    fair price
    $1,095 below market
    • 120,504 miles
    • 1 Accident, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Toyota of Greensboro (198 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 198 miles away from Newport News, VA

    ***DRIVE OFF IN THIS GREAT COMPACT SEDAN FEATURING SPACIOUS SEATING AND GOOD SAFETY RATINGS!*** NOW FOR A VALUED PRICE!***SERVICE RECORDS AVAILABLE, B...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A35G6542091
    Stock: L8803A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-30-2024

  • $6,500
    fair price
    $1,183 below market
    • 134,851 miles
    • 3 Accidents, 4 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • LA 12 Motors (151 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 151 miles away from Newport News, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A32G6573671
    Stock: 573671
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-31-2024

  • $15,590
    fair price
    $991 above market
    • 11,388 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Free home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 562 miles away from Newport News, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM5A36G6675822
    Stock: 2003082708
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-09-2024

  • New Listing
    • 16,681 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to VA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,363 miles away from Newport News, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A3XG6688499
    Stock: 26085857
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $5,981
    fair price
    $708 below market
    • 132,606 miles
    • 1 Accident, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • H&R Auto (137 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Arlington, VA / 137 miles away from Newport News, VA

    WARRATNY, CARFAX CERTIFIED, RUNS AND DRIVES GREAT ! VIRGINIA STATE INSPECTED. 5981 + 395 = 6376 SPECIAL CASH PRICE PLEASE CALL US FIRST AT 7**.2**...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A38G6624848
    Stock: 624848
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-07-2024

    • 51,616 miles
    • No accidents, 3 Owners, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,012 miles away from Newport News, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A34G6536413
    Stock: 2002989401
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2024

  • New Listing
    • 23,344 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Moore Subaru (77 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 77 miles away from Newport News, VA

    Clear White 2018 Kia Rio S Odometer is 56305 miles below market average!Power Windows, Door Locks & Outside Mirrors, AM/FM/MP3 w/ 5" Touch Screen & Re...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AB8JE058923
    Stock: R499946A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-28-2024

  • $11,998
    fair price
    $827 above market
    • 45,063 miles
    • No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to VA*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 707 miles away from Newport News, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A32G6590759
    Stock: 26266266
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 62,424 miles
    • No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 273 miles away from Newport News, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM5A34G6579333
    Stock: 2003065084
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2024

  • New Listing
    • 66,537 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Auto Group (135 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 135 miles away from Newport News, VA

    **FINANCING AVAILABLE**We offer Fair Market Based Pricing. Prices do NOT include tax, tag & title fees, or any other applicable fees. White 2018 KIA R...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24ABXJE059720
    Stock: INC2196
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 101,668 miles
    • No accidents, 3 Owners, Rental vehicle
    • 4cyl Automatic
    • Carvana - Richmond (81 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 81 miles away from Newport News, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AB1JE114863
    Stock: 2003175758
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 283 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Kia Rio

Read recent reviews for the Kia Rio
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars46 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 46 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (28%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great Little Car

Dan Ferguson, 05/02/2016
2013 Kia Rio LX 4dr Hatchback (1.6L 4cyl 6A)
I love this car. My wife and I bought it about 1 year ago used and it has not given us any trouble. Had 21000 K miles on it when we bought it and we've now got 37000 K miles now. Will be giving this to our daughter, though as she just finished med school and needs a reliable little car where she lives. Shipping it to her today. Got the LX package and it didn't have a few items that … I added. For one thing, it had no cruise control, but there's an OEM change that you can do through your steering wheel to add it. Works like a charm. Would not hesitate to buy again.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Kia Rio in Newport News, VA Values

Estimated values
2016 Kia Rio LX 4dr Sedan (1.6L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$4,816$8,817$11,867
Clean$4,596$8,402$11,294
Average$4,229$7,711$10,339
Rough$3,752$6,813$9,097

The average list price of a used 2016 Kia Rio in Newport News, Virginia is $10,833. The average mileage on a used Kia Rio 2016 for sale in Newport News, Virginia is 76,250. Based on the average mileage of 76,250 for used 2016 Kia Rio for sale in Newport News, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Kia Rio 2016 in Newport News, Virginia to be $4,229.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

Condition

Price & Payment

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Expert OpinionsThe Edmunds Vehicle Testing Team evaluates a fresh batch of vehicles every week, pairing objective assessments at our test track with real-world driving on city streets, freeways and winding roads. The data we gather results in our Expert Ratings. They’re based on 30-plus scores that cover every aspect of the automotive experience.

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.