Skip to main content

Used 2015 Subaru Impreza for Sale in Naperville, IL

Skip to Filters
501 listings
  • New Listing
    $13,927
    great price
    $2,362 Below Market
    55,545 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    Grand Subaru (16 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Bensenville, IL / 16 miles away from Naperville, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAA61FG245253
    Stock: 24640XB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-28-2023

  • 97,220 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Volvo Cars Lisle (5 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lisle, IL / 5 miles away from Naperville, IL

    New Price! Recent Arrival! **SILVER CERTIFIED WARRANTY** INCLUDES A 6 MONTH OR 6000 MILE POWER TRAIN WARRANTY. LOW MILES, SUNROOF, LEATHER SEATS, ALL ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAU64G8216370
    Stock: V24169A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-06-2023

  • Price Drop
    $16,295
    good price
    $1,018 Below Market
    42,783 miles
    2 Accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    AutoNation Toyota Libertyville (37 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Libertyville, IL / 37 miles away from Naperville, IL

    Auto Dimming Mirror W/Compass Rear Bumper Applique Rear Seat Back Protector Rear Spoiler Ivory; Cloth Upholstery Jasmine Green Metallic Standard Model...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAA64GH261085
    Stock: GH261085
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-06-2023

  • New Listing
    Stock photo © eVox Productions**
    66,475 miles
    Title issue reported, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Fair Oaks Ford Lincoln (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 3 miles away from Naperville, IL

    Certified. Crystal White Pearl 2016 Subaru Impreza 2.0i Premium AWD CVT Lineartronic 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V Local Trade, Ford Blue Certified Pre-Own...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAB64G8221751
    Stock: K5284
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-29-2023

  • 125,060 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Cars 147 Used Autos (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, IL / 23 miles away from Naperville, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAU68F8311903
    Stock: 14416
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2023

  • 57,037 miles
    2 Accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Manual
    CarMax Waukesha - Now offering Express Pickup (89 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Waukesha, WI / 89 miles away from Naperville, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAA68G9220923
    Stock: 24952648
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo © eVox Productions**
    62,262 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Westfield Ford (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Countryside, IL / 13 miles away from Naperville, IL

    Check out this 2016 Subaru Impreza Sedan Limited while we still have it in stock! This Subaru Impreza Sedan is a Bargain with These Options POPULAR PA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GJAN65GH017943
    Stock: T39708A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-21-2023

  • 59,305 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Alpha Luxury Motors (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Downers Grove, IL / 8 miles away from Naperville, IL

    Vehicle Overview 2015 Subaru Impreza 2.0I Spot Limited Wagon 4 Doos 2.0L H4 F Sohc 16V Gasoline All Wheel Drive !!! This Subaru Impreza Sport Limited ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAZ62F8235068
    Stock: A758
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-23-2023

  • 94,591 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Car City (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Palatine, IL / 28 miles away from Naperville, IL

    1 OWNER & CLEAN CARFAX!!! AWD, LOW MILES, GAS SAVER, SPORT / PREMIUM PACKAGE, LOADED, LOOKS NICE AND RUNS GREAT, WELL-MAINTAINED, EXTRA CLEAN, NICE CO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAL63D2806351
    Stock: 4847
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 108,455 miles
    2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Frisco, TX / 758 miles away from Naperville, IL

    High Demand,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Seats,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,Floor Mats,Gasoline Fuel,CD Player...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAT66FH231789
    Stock: FH231789A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,790
    fair price
    $363 Above Market
    93,201 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    International Car Center (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lombard, IL / 10 miles away from Naperville, IL

    Vehicle Overview 2015 Subaru Impreza 2.0L H4 AWD w/auto trans in Venetian Red/Black Cloth! Just serviced including brake pads and fresh oil change!! L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GJAA69FH018923
    Stock: PMCF110
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-04-2023

  • Price Drop
    50,621 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,420 miles away from Naperville, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAC61F8261914
    Stock: 2002611420
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-07-2023

  • 80,150 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Manual
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Pleasanton, CA / 1,802 miles away from Naperville, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAA66FG218291
    Stock: 24474867
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 74,170 miles
    2 Accidents, 4 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Premium Motors (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Villa Park, IL / 14 miles away from Naperville, IL

    Trades are Welcome! Warranty Available!At Premium Motors we serve our customers by providing quality vehicles and friendly service for their lifestyl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAT68F8229025
    Stock: P9025
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 72,730 miles
    1 Accident, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 958 miles away from Naperville, IL

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Seats,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,Floor Mats,Gasoline Fuel,CD Player,ABS,Cloth S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAC65FH320513
    Stock: FH320513DW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 25,846 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Modesto, CA / 1,758 miles away from Naperville, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAA61F9207025
    Stock: 24825527
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    66,299 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana - Chicago (28 mi away)
    Free home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 28 miles away from Naperville, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GJAA61DH033803
    Stock: 2002626788
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-18-2023

  • Price Drop
    78,957 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Tinley Park - Now offering Express Pickup (22 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 22 miles away from Naperville, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3GKAB62H3613764
    Stock: 25022520
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo © eVox Productions**
    $16,995
    fair price
    $371 Above Market
    58,687 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Exclusive Auto Haus (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Roselle, IL / 18 miles away from Naperville, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GJAS6XFH010196
    Stock: EX10196
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-15-2023

  • New Listing
    120,719 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 1,486 miles away from Naperville, IL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Seats,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,Fl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAT69FH206613
    Stock: FH206613S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    125,409 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Huntsville, AL / 490 miles away from Naperville, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JF1GPAT63FG201459
    Stock: 24376631
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 501 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Subaru Impreza

Read recent reviews for the Subaru Impreza
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars44 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 44 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (34%)
  • 3 star
    (16%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
4.63 out of 5 stars

Best All Wheel Drive compact car

Raghavan Mani, 03/01/2015
2015 Subaru Impreza 2.0i PZEV 4dr Hatchback AWD (2.0L 4cyl 5M)
I have been a big fan of Mazda 3 and for the sake of All Wheel Drive due to heavy snow in North east, I changed to Subaru Impreza Manual transmission. Very happy that I bought this. No regrets for leaving Mazda 3 (except of road noise which is more in subaru, but the driving stability of Subaru Impreza is incomparable). I used to be very scared of snow driving and now I enjoy driving … when its snowing. Subaru Impreza is the best All Wheel drive system and the car is absolutely stable and has the best traction. I can change lanes in highways when snowing without a bit of shaking even when there is slurry. I enjoy the worst snow by driving. Unbelievable.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Subaru Impreza in Naperville, IL Values

Estimated values
2015 Subaru Impreza 2.0i PZEV 4dr Hatchback AWD (2.0L 4cyl 5M) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$7,520$11,011$13,683
Clean$7,191$10,512$13,042
Average$6,643$9,681$11,972
Rough$5,931$8,600$10,582

The average list price of a used 2015 Subaru Impreza in Naperville, Illinois is $15,173. The average mileage on a used Subaru Impreza 2015 for sale in Naperville, Illinois is 76,930. Based on the average mileage of 76,930 for used 2015 Subaru Impreza for sale in Naperville, IL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Subaru Impreza 2015 in Naperville, Illinois to be $6,643.

Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Type

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.

** This image is a stock photo and may not reflect the model year or color of, and/or equipment offered on, the advertised vehicle.