Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,191 listings
    • 88,400 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 2,530 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BN1M39H1114668
    Stock: 27422267
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 73,455 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to CT*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 270 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1TG9D1825386
    Stock: 27483954
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 104,459 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Jacob's Auto Sales (110 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in West Bridgewater, MA / 110 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Check out this LOW mileage Mazda 3! This Mazda has low mileage and is fully loaded. Call today to schedule a test drive. This vehicle comes equipped w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1W69B1423027
    Stock: 423027
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 78,215 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 27 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 1,261 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BN1W33H1103890
    Stock: 26897341
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 88,580 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KS to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 1,315 miles away from New Haven, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BN1L31H1136214
    Stock: 27209242
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 49,150 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Oda Auto Precision (142 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Auburn, NH / 142 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBN1U70HM150588
    Stock: 150588
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,758 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Oda Auto Precision (142 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    Close

    Located in Auburn, NH / 142 miles away from New Haven, CT

    THIS 2013 MAZDA 3 TOURING HAS A BLACK EXTERIOR PAINT COLOR WITH A BLACK CLOTH INTERIOR. IT FEATURES A 4 CYLINDER ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION. I...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1TG2D1728515
    Stock: 728515
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2024

    • 130,543 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Tri City Auto Sales (115 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Schenectady, NY / 115 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2013 Mazda3 i Sport 4dr Sedan 6A Black w. Back Interior 130K Miles - CARFAX Available $8,775 Discounts Available! *Suggested Down Payment Of $1,999 to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (28 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1UP7D1787848
    Stock: 787848
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 89,311 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Gateway Kia of North Brunswick (99 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 99 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BN1K73H1131164
    Stock: J18404B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 27 City / 39 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Wayne's Auto Sales (160 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Glassboro, NJ / 160 miles away from New Haven, CT

    You will instantly feel at home once you step into this Mazda MAZDA3. With amazing deals at Wayne's Auto Sales, you will be sure to drive away smi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1VP8D1747258
    Stock: 47258
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $4,300
    great price
    $2,210 below market
    • 179,919 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Absolute Auto (120 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Trenton, NJ / 120 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Mazda MAZDA3 i Grand Touring 4dr Leather Hatchback, Please Contact Us At 6**-9**-7*** With Any Questions And Check Out Our Full Inventory At WWW.732AU...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1M81C1679247
    Stock: 679247
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2024

  • New Listing
    $4,995
    great price
    $1,545 below market
    • 154,409 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Kane Motors (57 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Poughkeepsie, NY / 57 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1L81C1633984
    Stock: 33984
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 158,557 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Riverside Wholesale1 (69 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 69 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1LP3D1820491
    Stock: 820491
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

    • 189,364 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Lavictoire Auto Sales (152 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in West Rutland, VT / 152 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (28 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1U82D1702231
    Stock: 702231
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

    • 142,476 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Certified Headquarters (34 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Saint James, NY / 34 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (28 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1V78D1706564
    Stock: 6564
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 244,136 miles
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Koch 33 Toyota (130 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Easton, PA / 130 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1LP3D1789551
    Stock: FP13778
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 179,300 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Nationwide Auto Group (113 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in East Windsor, NJ / 113 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2013 Mazda 3 i Grand Touring * Well Maintained Affordable Sedan * Auxiliary/USB Outlet * * Heated Leather Seats * Fuel Efficient Up to 40 MPG * * XM S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (28 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1WPXD1811413
    Stock: TR10162
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,698
    great price
    $1,844 below market
    • 14,264 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Curry Honda Yorktown (48 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Yorktown Heights, NY / 48 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2018 Mazda Mazda3 Grand Touring Snowflake White Pearl Mica SKYACTIV 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V FWD 6-Speed Automatic Clean CARFAX.includes warranty, ser...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBN1W34JM164655
    Stock: 49616T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $5,495
    great price
    $1,388 below market
    • 139,294 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Central Auto Group (104 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Raritan, NJ / 104 miles away from New Haven, CT

    2012 Mazda 3! Great Commuter car! Reliable transportation! GAS SAVER!! Runs and drives 100%!! Come Down for a Test Drive Today! WE ARE A FAMILY OWNED ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1V89C1683660
    Stock: 683660
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • New Listing
    $5,199
    great price
    $1,688 below market
    • 139,175 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Motors 46 (115 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Belvidere, NJ / 115 miles away from New Haven, CT

    Everyone Approved Financing! 2012 Mazda 3 Runs/Drives great! Fresh Oil Change/Brakes Cold A/C ZERO ACCIDENTS! 139k miles

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1V86C1637039
    Stock: 637039
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $3,495
    great price
    $1,344 below market
    • 169,729 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 38 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Nationwide Motors (70 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 70 miles away from New Haven, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1L88C1615921
    Stock: 615921
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-07-2024

Showing 400 - 420 out of 1,191 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda 3

Read recent reviews for the Mazda 3
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars75 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 75 reviews
  • 5 star
    (68%)
  • 4 star
    (19%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

First 3 months have been great. Update

mortar1, 06/13/2015
2015 Mazda 3 s Grand Touring 4dr Hatchback (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
I'm a two car guy and passed on one of my cars to my sister and decided I needed a second to go along with my BMW z4. For the past 20 years I've used Subarus as my second car and have loved both of them--a Legacy and then an Impreza. It took me a year or so to decide on the Mazda 3 though it was a front runner all along. I wanted to get another Impreza but it had less horsepower than … my 2009 model, and I didn't want the CRT transmission. BMW 3 series was high on my list--but I just couldn't justify the cost against the 3. The driving dynamics are almost as good and there are just so many more features, particularly safety, on the Mazda. It's a lot of fun to drive. Update: I've had the car now for over two years, and have some things to add. It's hot in Texas and I'm amazed at how good the air conditioning functions. The car still handles superbly and is a pleasure to drive. The surround sound music system works very well. People note that it still has that new car smell. Pickup is excellent! The seats are very comfortable on long trips. One oddity is that if the door windows are wet, as from morning dew or rain, and you lower and raise them, the water is not wiped off. Brakes are excellent. I remain amazed at how good this car drives--the handling is lots of fun and I never tire of getting it. Of the features, the ones I especially appreciate are the backup camera, blind-side monitoring, and keyless entry. I will have these features in all future cars. My gas mileage is not great--26 or 27 mpg--but most of my driving is in the city and I tend to have a heavy foot when the light turns green. If I drove like a normal person I'm sure it would be much higher, cause I actually tried it. Also, driving on the highway provides great mileage. One last thing--transmission is first rate--it's so much better than driving a cvt transmission. My other car is a manual--and I probably won't return to a manual if I've got an automatic as good as this one.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Mazda 3 in New Haven, CT Values

Estimated values
2017 Mazda 3 Grand Touring 4dr Hatchback (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,679$11,964$13,717
Clean$9,256$11,422$13,074
Average$8,551$10,518$12,002
Rough$7,634$9,344$10,609

The average list price of a used 2017 Mazda 3 in New Haven, Connecticut is $9,669. The average mileage on a used Mazda 3 2017 for sale in New Haven, Connecticut is 123,225. Based on the average mileage of 123,225 for used 2017 Mazda 3 for sale in New Haven, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda 3 2017 in New Haven, Connecticut to be $8,551.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.