Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
72 listings
  • Price Drop
    $36,990
    fair price
    $220 below market
    35,462 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 2,182 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA3EF023549
    Stock: 2002792250
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2024

  • Price Drop
    $31,990
    good price
    $1,675 below market
    57,527 miles
    No accidents, 5 Owners, Rental vehicle
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 370 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA9EF022826
    Stock: 2002523626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-19-2023

  • New Listing
    $35,990
    fair price
    $570 below market
    45,387 miles
    No accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 995 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA4EF023415
    Stock: 2002839128
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2024

  • $37,998
    fair price
    $644 above market
    33,684 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bakersfield, CA / 218 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA6EF029314
    Stock: 25628168
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    27,543 miles
    8cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Manchester, NH / 2,355 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA7EF026146
    Stock: 25421471
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $37,590
    fair price
    $97 below market
    37,734 miles
    1 Accident, 3 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,746 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA6EF027269
    Stock: 2002780542
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2024

  • Price Drop
    19,305 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 1,619 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7EA5EF028945
    Stock: 2002845691
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2024

  • New Listing
    51,067 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,925 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DAXEF024133
    Stock: 2002779627
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-06-2024

  • 17,520 miles
    8cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 1,069 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA1EF025493
    Stock: 25623496
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 118,094 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    111 Vintage Cars (175 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Palm Springs, CA / 175 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA1EF021394
    Stock: 021394
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-31-2022

  • Price Drop
    $30,998
    great price
    $3,935 below market
    50,928 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    6cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,989 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK6FA5FF035081
    Stock: 25349472
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 37,900 miles
    1 Accident, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automatic
    Switch Motors (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Bernardino, CA / 182 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    Give us a call at 9**-7**-1***Come in today for a test drive!ST WANNAS INC - Inland Empire, CA First Time Buyer, Bad Credit, No Credit, Repo's we can ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA6EF029300
    Stock: 029300
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-20-2024

  • $44,990
    fair price
    $2,698 below market
    44,934 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,746 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7EA7DF015516
    Stock: 2002677051
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-27-2024

  • 16,564 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,077 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA4FF033363
    Stock: 2002812609
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2024

  • $32,998
    fair price
    $1,765 below market
    40,688 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Puyallup, WA / 846 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA4DF020075
    Stock: 25452339
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $29,998
    good price
    $2,325 below market
    59,842 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 1,697 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA7DF013248
    Stock: 24461372
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $34,990
    good price
    $1,890 below market
    37,749 miles
    No accidents, 5 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,599 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA2DF017532
    Stock: 2002809661
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2024

  • $45,500
    fair price
    $2,727 below market
    38,922 miles
    1 Accident, 5 Owners, Rental vehicle
    8cyl Automatic
    Vista Motors (196 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ontario, CA / 196 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7EA7DF017797
    Stock: 017797
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-26-2024

  • Price Drop
    $33,998
    fair price
    $623 below market
    51,892 miles
    1 Accident, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 2,117 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA8DF007281
    Stock: 25610220
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $33,990
    good price
    $1,973 below market
    42,199 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 255 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK7DA8DF020838
    Stock: 2002834235
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2024

  • Price Drop
    $31,990
    good price
    $1,733 below market
    52,806 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use
    6cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,599 miles away from Las Vegas, NV

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDJK6FA8FF032787
    Stock: 2002782819
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 72 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz SL-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz SL-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars21 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 21 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (10%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Most Capable Motorcar: updated 2019

TennesseeSL, 09/09/2016
2013 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class SL550 2dr Convertible (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A)
I was approached not long after purchasing the SL by a gentlemen who has owned a good number of exotic and sports cars. In his words, "the SL is what all cars want to be when they grow up". I could not agree more. You may find a sportier car or two, a better looking luxury car, or a car that covers great distances in extreme comfort; but the SL does all of that, and more. This car … loves to eat road, top up is like a coupe; solid and silent. Top down is like, well, a high performance convertible. The SL has become our grand touring car and it has proven itself to be most worthy in every instance. We went the CPO route, which lessens the pain of the check book, but provides solid Mercedes warranty and support. Drive the other contenders, then drive an SL. It continues to amaze with it's power, torque, ease of operation, and rock solid build quality. And while the looks may be contentious to some, this car draws admiring looks in even the most discerning crowds. It does not disappoint. 2019 UPDATE: the car is now six years old, and has over 40,000 miles, and still makes me smile while I drive. It has become our weekend touring GT car; delivering performance, style and reliability. In many trips of over 1,000 miles, the car is a joy to drive, on the interstate or the back roads. My only area of issue has been the AMG wheels; as I have had two that cracked; I have replaced them with an aftermarket set with great success. It would appear that the next-gen of the SL will be on a shared modular platform with other models. That would make the R231 the last of the bespoke SL's; so this vehicle is destined to be in our garage for a long time. Looking for a competent coupe / convertible? This is a great choice.
Report abuse

Used 2014 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class in Las Vegas, NV Values

Estimated values
2014 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class SL550 2dr Convertible (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$31,264$37,749$42,025
Clean$29,739$35,834$39,812
Average$27,199$32,642$36,123
Rough$23,896$28,493$31,327

The average list price of a used 2014 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class in Las Vegas, Nevada is $38,089. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz SL-Class 2014 for sale in Las Vegas, Nevada is 43,702. Based on the average mileage of 43,702 for used 2014 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class for sale in Las Vegas, NV and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz SL-Class 2014 in Las Vegas, Nevada to be $27,199.

Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

72 cars
|
$33,682 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.